Antimicrobial Drugs

Antimicrobial Agents and drugs

1. ANTIMICROBIALS PRESENTED BY : SAMEEMA KIRAN 1

2. What is meant by Antimicrobials? ‘Substances which demonstrate the ability to reduce the presence of microbes, such as bacteria and moulds.’ Examples : disinfectants, a ntibiotics, sanitizers, etc. 2

3. TARGET CELL WALL METABOLIC ESSENTIALS PROTIEN SYNTHESIS NUCLIEC ACIDS 3

4. ANTIMICROBIACL DRUGS ‘Drugs used to treat a microbial infection’ CLASSIFICATION Grouped according to micro-organisms Examples antibiotics, antifungals, antiprotozoal, and antiviral drugs . Grouped according to function Examples: microbicidal, biostatic. 4

5. 5 BROAD SPECTRUM ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS NARROW SPECTRUM ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS

6. ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE ‘The ability of a microbe to resist the effects of medication that once could successfully treat the microbe.’ 6

7. MECHANISM OF DRUG RESISTANCE 7

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9. ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG : STREPTOMYCIN Streptomycin was isolated in 1944 by Waksman, a Microbiologist. Used to treat Tuberculosis. Derived from actinobacterium Streptomyces griseus . Produced in Pakistan under brand name Streptomycin and Polybiotic . 9

10. MODE OF ACTION Inhibits protein synthesis and causes the death of microbial cells. 10

11. “Synthesis of Streptomycin” BUILD UP OF INOCULUM ( Spores of S.gireus ) FERMENTATION ( PH:7-8) (TEMP:25-30) FERMENTER (Media + Inoculum) CELL LYSIS AND PRODUCTION CEASES HARVEST & RECOVERY PRECEPETATED-WASHED-VACCUME DRIED. STREPTOMYCIN PRODUCTION PREPARATION OF MEDIA PURIFICATION 11

12. “ENHANCING THE PRODUCT” Genetically modifying a microbial culture leads to higher productivity Mutation causes 100-1000 folds increase in production of metabolites. The most common method used to obtain high yielding mutants is to treat a population with a mutagenic agent like UV rays etc. Leads to increased productivity and decrease in production cost. 12

13. Streptomycin Resistance Dihydrostreptomycin is being produced due to ready development of resistance against streptomycin Is a derivative of streptomycin  Semisynthetic antibiotic Used in the treatment of tuberculosis. 13

14. Prophylactic Therapeutic USES OF ANTIMICROBIALS 14

15. OTHER USES 15

16. CONCLUSION Antimicrobial agents are a great and useful way in eliminating infectious or harmful micro organisms and diseases caused by them but their improper and constant use can cause resistance in microbes which is becoming a global issue at an alarming rate. 16

17. REFRENCES Antimicrobial Agent - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics www.sciencedirect.com http://ijpsr.com/bft-article/antibiotic-production-by-microbes-isolated-from-soil/? view=fulltext https:// www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-1-3-335;jsessionid=QgLck4OyXG0E2fyB7hAT0NmS.mbslive-10-240-10-184 http:// www.biotechnologynotes.com/antibiotics/streptomycin/streptomycin-structure-biosynthesis-process-and-uses-of-streptomycin-biotechnology/13848 https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Dihydrostreptomycin#section=Synonyms 17

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