antiprotozoal.fahad.pptslideshare .pharma

Antiprotozoal

1. By
Dr. Shaikh Fahad Falah

2. Antiprotozoaldrugs are used
◦to treat infections caused by
protozoa
◦which are single cell (eukaryotes)
organisms that belong to the type of
parasites
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4. What is their lifecycle?
Classify the drugs used ?
Mechanism of action of anti protozoal drugs?
Their Uses?
And Side effects?
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11. 1-Tissue amoebicidial:
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Tinidazole
Chloroquine
Emetine and Dihydroemetine
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12. 2-Luminal amebicidal;
Diloxinadefuroate
Iodoquinol
Paromomycin
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18. Protozoal infections
Surgical prophylaxis
Anaerobic infections (abdominal /dental sepsis)
Aspiration pneumonia
Pelvic inflammatory disease
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20. SIDE EFFECTS:
GIT: metallic taste ,angular stomatitis,dry mouth
Darkening of urine
CNS: headache,insomnia,parasthesia,seizures
Blood:leucopenia & thrombocytopenia (reversible)
Fever
Mutagenesis and carcinogenesisin mammalian cell
culture
Stevens-johnson syndrome (rarely)
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21. Be cautious if prescribe drugs to:
Patients with
hepatic,
brain,or
blood disorders.
Don't give it to pregnant , lactating mothers and
infants.
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22. Occasional use for extra luminal amoebiasis.
Reach high concentration in liver so it is
effective in hepatic amoebiasis
Orally taken.
Lysomotropic
Indication:
treatment of amoebic liver abscess in case of failure
or contraindication to metronidazole.
Others: malaria, rheumatoid arthritis and lupus
erythematosis.
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23. Loss of appetite, diarrhea
Skin rash
Blurring of vision (retinopathy)
Seizures
Low blood cell levels
Tinnitus
Unpleasant metallic taste
Cardiomyopathy, conduction blocks
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24. They inhibit protein synthesis.dihydroemetine
less toxic than emetine.
Indication:
Alternate therapy to metronidazole in treatment of
amoebic liver abscess.and is effective.though reserved for
dangerously ill patients due to its side effects.
Side effects:
Cardiotoxic: hypotension
Pain at site of injection
Muscular ache, tenderness, stiffness & weakness
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25. • Bowel lumen amoebiasis
trophozoites(noninfective) and cysts
(infective) are passed into the faeces.
Treatment is directed at eradicating cysts with a
luminal amoebicide;
diloxanidefuroate(drug of choice)
iodoquinolor
paromomycinsometimes used.
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26. is anaminoglycosideantibioticused to treat
amebiasis,giardiasis,leishmaniasis, andtapeworm
infection.
given I/M or oral.
Protheinsynthesis inhibitor.
It is a first line treatment for amebiasisor giardiasis
duringpregnancy.
◦Otherwise it is generally a second line treatment option.
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27. Paromomycinis not significantly absorbed
from the GIT.
It is used only as a luminal amebicideand
has no effect against extraintestinal amebic
infections.
have similar efficacy and probably
less toxicity than other agents.
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28. Toxic to kidneys and ears.
Abdominal symptoms.
Secondary bacterial and fungal infections.
Enterocolitis and pancreatitis rarely
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29. -luminalamoebicidial.prodrug activates in GIT to
active drug diloxanide.
May Block protein synthesis (like chloramphenicol)
-used to eradicate trophozoites present in intestinal
lumen thus prevents cyst formation.
-flatulence, dryness of mouth and vomiting are
infrequent side effects
-the drug is contraindicated in pregnancy and in
children below 2years of age
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30. -luminal amoebicidial, poorly absorbed
-acts by chelation of ferrous ions essential for metabolism
Both against cyst and trophozoites
Drug of choice for asymptomatic or moderate forms of
amoebiasis.
-Side effects:
Thyroid enlargement due to high iodine content of
the drug
N/V and diarrhea

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31. Thyroid, renal or hepatic disease
Shouldn't be used for prophylaxis or tx of
travelers or non specific diarrhea
Stop it if persistent diarrhea or iodine reaction
occurs
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