Anu 705 insulin dependent and classification.pptx

it explains the basics of insulin dependent

1. A PRESENTATION TO DEPARTMENT OF FOOD NUTRITION AND HOME SCIENCES COURSE CODE: ANU 705 LECTURER : Dr. Adaobi Presenter : Salifu Usman Insulin Dependent Diabetes as Nutritional Condition of Public health Concern

2. Diabetes is a chronic condition that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Defination of Diabetes

3. *insulin is a hormone that regulates blood glucose . In other word insulin acts as a gate keeper that triggers the absorption of glucose into the blood cells from the blood stream. So what is insulin?

4. type 1 diabetes: this is also known as insulin dependent diabetes because it is characterized by deficient insulin production and requires daily administration of insulin. t ype 2 diabetes: This form of diabetes affects how the body use glucose for energy. In this form of diabetes, there is presence of insulin in the blood stream but cant be absorbed into the blood cells which will give rise to hyperglyceamia . Gestational diabetes: This form of diabetes occurs in pregnant women exhibiting high levels of glucose in the blood which could be a risk factor for developing high blood pressure during pregnancy. Types of Diabetes

5. After years of research, type 1 diabetes has no cure. Treatment is directed towards managing the amount of sugar in the blood using insulin, diet and lifestyle modification to prevent complication. Public Health importance of type 1 diabetes

6. Heart and blood vessel disease: diabetes increases the risk of some problems with the heart and blood vessel. These include; coronary artery disease with chest pain (angina),heart attack, stroke and high blood pressure Nerve damage (neuropathy): Too much sugar in the blood can injure the walls of the tiny blood vessels that feed the nerves. This can cause tingling, numbness, burning or pains in the limbs Possible Health complications of IDD

7. Kidney damage (nephropathy): the kidney have tiny blood vessels that help remove waste from the body. Diabetes can damage these system leading to kidney failure that may require mechanical filtering (dialysis) or kidney transplant. Eye damage: diabetes can damage the blood vessels in the retina (diabetic retinopathy). This could lead to blindness. Foot damage: nerve damage in the feet due to diabetes increases the risk of complication in cases of injury to the feet. These injury usually takes long to heal and if infected may lead to amputation Skin and Mouth condition: Diabetes may leave you more prone to infections of the skin and mouth. These include bacteria and fungi infection as well as gum diseases are more likely Pregnancy Complications: High blood sugar levels can be dangerous for both the mother and the baby. The risk of miscarriage, still birth and birth defects increases when diabetes is not well controlled.

8. Hypertension or High blood pressure is a condition in which the blood vessels have persistently raised pressure increasing the pumping function of the heart and leading to hardening of the vessels. Hypertension as Nutritional Condition of Public Health concern

9. High blood pressure affects more than I billion people worldwide, and the number is increasing. Untreated or uncontrolled hypertension is the single largest contributor to cardio vascular disease, coronary artery disease and also a major contributor to kidney disease Prevalence of Hypertension

10. High Systolic 140 mmHg or higher. Diastolic 90 mmHg or higher At risk (prehypertension) Systolic 120 -139 mmHg Diastolic 80-89 mmHg Normal Systolic less than 120 mmHg Diastolic less than 80 mmHg Blood pressure levels

11. Behavioural or life-style related factors such as unhealthy diet and excessive use of salt, physical inactivity, tobacco use, Overweight and obesity and harmful use of alcohol Age; blood pressure tend to rise when people get older. Hereditary;people can inherit genes that makes them more likely to get the condition Risk factors of Hypertention

12. Sodium Intake: Higher sodium intake has been associated with higher risk of incident stroke, fatal stroke and coronary heart disease. Potassium intake : Dietary intake of potassium lowers the lowers blood pressure Healthy Eating: adapting DASH (dietary approaches to stopping Hypertension . Eating plan can reduce blood pressure by 8mmHg – 14 mmHg Taking of polyunsaturated fatty acid and avoid foods containing saturated fatty acid Reducing or Eliminating meat may lower blood pressure Weight Management: A healthy body weight (B.M.I 28.5 – 24.9) Stress Management Nutrition as a Risk factor related to High Blood Pressure