APA 7

PowerPoint Presentation on the American Psychological Association (APA) Citation Style 7th Edition.

A requirement for the Media and Information Literacy online course.

1. Citation Guide for Students APA 7 Prepared by: Louisse Cayetano

2. What is APA 7? American Psychological Association or APA Style is a citation and reference format commonly used in the Social Sciences (Purdue University, n.d.). The 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual, released in October 2019, contains updated guidelines on citing and referencing others' works.

3. Basics of APA 7

4. In-text Citation and Reference List In-text citations are short citations found in the body of the paper. These can appear in two ways: parenthetically and narratively . The Reference List contains the full details of the works cited in the paper and is found at the end of the manuscript . It allows the readers to find and read the cited works themselves.

5. Basic In-text Citation (Author’s Last Name, Year of Publication/ n.d.) Parenthetical Citation The author's name and the year of publication are inside a parenthesis. The citation is within or at the end of a sentence. example: Purposive Sampling is a non-random technique where informants are deliberately chosen because of their possession of certain qualities ( Tongco , 2007). Narrative Citation. The author's name is part of the sentence. The year of publication, which appears in parenthesis, follows it. example: According to Tongco (2007), Purposive Sampling is a non-random technique where informants are deliberately chosen because of their possession of certain qualities. *use “ n.d. ” if date of publication is unknown

6. In-text Citation for Short Quotations When directly quoting a work, the page number where the quotation came from must be added. Use “ p. ” for a single page and “ pp. ” for multiple pages . (Author’s Last Name, Year of Publication/ n.d., page) Qualitative research is useful for “obtaining culturally specific information about the values, views, behaviors, and social circumstances of particular populations” (Mack et al., 2005, p. 1). According to Mack et al. (2005) , Qualitative research is useful for “obtaining culturally specific information about the values, views, behaviors, and social circumstances of particular populations” (p. 1).

7. In-text Citation for Long Quotations Quotations with 40 or more words must be in a new line, indented 1/2 inch from the left margin. example: Cabading (2015), in her study, found the following: Participants also mentioned the importance of prioritizing employment in the country. According to them, there are not many job opportunities in the country so many Filipinos choose to work abroad. Thus, they believe that the government should open more job opportunities to the workers and public and should also improve their working conditions in order for the workers to choose to stay working in the country. (p. 87)

8. Basic Rules in Formatting a Reference List The Reference List is to be put on a new page separate from the manuscript. This page will be titled " References " in bold, centered at the top. It must be alphabetically arranged based on the last name of the first author of each work. The authors' names must follow the format: Last name, Initials of First and Middle Name. (date of publication). Cabading , A. (2015). Hanging indention is to be applied in all lines after the first line of each entry.

9. example:

10. Rules based on Authors

11. Two Authors : In-text Citation Narrative Citation The last name of the two authors must be connected with “ and ” example: A study by Inocian and De Vera (2017) showed that some participants admitted to being influenced by the political posts shared by their friends and candidates. Parenthetical Citation The last connectedname of the two authors must be with “ & ” example: A study showed that some participants admitted to being influenced by the political posts shared by their friends and candidates (Inocian & De Vera, 2017).

12. Two Authors : Reference List The names of the two authors must be connected using an ampersand “ & ” example: Inocian, R. & De Vera, D. (2017). Influence of Facebook to Voters’ Political Practices. Asia Pacific Journal of Education 4 (1). Retrieved August 14, 2023, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314151928_Influence_of_Facebook_to_Voters'_ Political_Practices

13. Three and More Authors : In-text Citation Use only the first author's last name followed by “ et. al ” to represent the remaining authors. example: One interesting observation by Khubchandani et al. (2021) is how political affiliation strongly predicts vaccine hesitancy among Americans as COVID-19 is said to be highly politicized in the USA.

14. Three to Twenty Authors : Reference List List the names of all authors, separated by a comma. The last two authors will be connected using an ampersand “ & ” example: Khubchandani, J., Sharma, S., Price, J., Wiblishauser , M., Sharma, M., & Webb, F. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in the United States: A Rapid National Assessment. Journal of Community Health. doi : 10.1007/s10900-020-00958-x

15. More than 20 Authors : Reference List List the names of all authors, separated by a comma. An ellipsis “ … ” shall be placed between the 19th and 20th author . example: Pegion , K., Kirtman, B. P., Becker, E., Collins, D. C., LaJoie , E., Burgman , R., Bell, R., DelSole , R., Min, D., Zhu, Y., Li, W., Sinsky , E., Guan, H., Gottschalck , J., Metzger, E. J., Barton, N. P., Achuthavarier , D., Marshak , J., Koster , R., . . .   Kim, H. (2019). The subseasonal experiment ( SubX ): A multimodel subseasonal prediction experiment.  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society ,  100 (10), 2043-2061.  https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0270.1

16. Group Author : In-text Citation Refers to works published by organizations, government agencies, and corporations, among others. Also includes reference works such as dictionaries and thesaurus which usually do not have a credited author. Use the organization’s name as the author. example: According to the Institute for Political and Electoral Reform (2003), there are 4 phases of the electoral process.

17. Group Author : Reference List example: Institute for Political and Electoral Reform. (2003). A voter's choice: Myself: A psychological study on voting behavior of the Filipino electorate . Retrieved July 10, 2022, from https://www.ombudsman.gov.ph/UNDP4/a-voters-choice-myself-a-psychological-study on-voting-behavior-of-the- filipino -electorate/index.html

18. Unknown Author : In-text Citation If there is no author's name in the source material, cite the title instead. For long titles, the first few words of the title shall be used. example: Election campaign refers to “the means by which candidates and political parties prepare and present their ideas and positions on issues to the voters in the period preceding election day” (“Section 3: Key Election Process Categories,” n.d.).

19. Unknown Author : Reference List example: Section 3: Key Election Process Categories. (n.d.). Open Data Election Initiatives. https://openelectiondata.net/en/guide/key-categories/election-campaigns/

20. Indirect Sources : In-text Citation If you are using a source cited by another author, use the format: (Original author last name, Year of original work, as cited in Author last name of work where quote found, Year) example: In terms of political party affiliation, religion is also deemed significant as white Born Again or Evangelical Christians mostly support Republican candidates (Green, 2007, as cited in Bradberry, 2016).

21. Indirect Sources : Reference List example: Bladberry , L. (2016). The Effect of Religion on Candidate Preference in the 2008 and 2012 Republican Presidential Primaries. PLoS ONE, 11 (4). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152037

22. References Purdue University. (n.d.) APA Style Introduction . https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_style_introduction.html