Application of animal biotechnology

Salahaddin university-agricultural college- animal resources Detartment

1. Applications of Animal Biotechnology Prepared by: muhsin ali ahmed Msc in biotechnology Animal resources department [email protected] Mobile no: 07504935099

2. Outline Introduction Improvement of biomass Disease resistant Recombinant vaccines Livestock pharming products

3. Introduction Animal biotechnology is new technology that opened many doors in animal farm, medical and research fields.

4. Improvement of biomass The pioneering experiment of palmiter and co-workers, made in 1983 , the giant mice were obtained over-expressing rat GH gene fused to mMT promoter.

5. Examples: Transgenic salmon fish The transgenic fish were produced transferring Growth hormone (GH) gene The first transgenic animal to be commercialized. Transgenic Salmon can grow 3 times larger than wild type Salmon . Can grow up to 6 times faster than wild type fish

6. Transgenics are genetically modified organisms with DNA from another source inserted into their genome A large number of transgenic animals have been created Mice Cows Pigs Sheep Goats Fish Frogs Insects Currently, no transgenic animal or animal product is approved by the FDA or USDA for human consumption Transgenic Cattle : Dairy cows carrying extra copies of two types of casein genes produce 13% more milk protein

7. Disease resistant Increased disease resistance can be achieved by introducing resistance-conferring gene constructs into animals or by depleting a susceptibility gene from the animal. Genes encoding : Immunoglobulin or antibody Cytokines Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins, T-cell receptors ( TCRs)

8. Immunoglobulin or antibody

9. Cytokines

10. T-cell receptors (TCRs)

11. Recombinant vaccines Vaccination is the most effective strategy for the control of disease in human, poultry and other farm animals The recombinant vaccine contain either a protein or gene coding for protein of a pathogen origin that is immunogenic Recombinant vaccines are divided into three groups Live recombinant vaccines Recombinant vector vaccines DNA vaccines

12. Live recombinant vaccines

13. Recombinant vector vaccines

14. DNA vaccines

15. LIVE STOCK PHARMING PRODUCTS Producing therapeutic proteins in transgenic farm animals is sometimes called ‘ biopharming / molecular pharming . transgenic animals such as goats, cattle, pigs, rabbits and chickens can be used to produce therapeutic proteins. Therapeutic proteins are used to treat human diseases. They include hormones, antibodies, vaccines, growth factors and blood clotting factors.

16. Examples Scientists at a research have generated transgenic cows that produce myelin basic protein (MBP) in their milk (about 5–10g/L) . MBP is part of the insulating layer that surrounds nerves.

17. In patients with multiple sclerosis , this insulating layer is gradually destroyed, which prevents the nerves from communicating. Treatment with human MBP may help reduce symptoms of multiple sclerosis .