Application of Mendelian Genetics - Extended.pptx

The Extended of Mendel's Law

1. Aplication of Mendelian Genetics - Extended 11th grade

2. Multiple alleles An allele of a genetic locus having more than two allelic forms within a population Polygenic inheritance Occurs when one characteristic is controlled by two or more genes Linked genes Linkage happens when genes don’t assort independently, just because they’re on the same chromosome Autosomal dominant traits If dominant allele is present on the autosome, then the individual will express the trait Autosomal recessive traits Express the trait. In order to express the trait, two recessive alleles must be present Sex linked genes Genes for these traits are located on sex chromosome. Most of them are recessive X-linked genes Genes for these traits are located only on the X Y-linked genes Genes for these traits are located only on the Y Contents of this extention

3. Multiple Alleles

4. Multiple Alleles

5. Autosomal-linked genes X -linked genes S ex linked-genes Y -linked genes Linked Genes D ominant traits AA or Aa are affected Dwarfism H ypertension C hronic glaucoma H untington’s desease Recessive traits Only affected if both are homozygotes Albinism Sickle cell anemia Cystic fibrosis Diabetes mellitus Genes for these traits are located only on the X chromosome Colorblindness Haemophilia Dystrophy Eye color in Fruit Flies Genes for these traits are located only on the Y chromosome Ear hair

6. Mutation What is a Mutation? A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence. Can happen naturally or be caused by external factors like radiation or chemicals

7. Mutation Gene mutation/point mutation A mutation that only affects one gene (changes in 1 or a few BASE PAIRS in a single gene) E ffect of mutation C an be beneficial, harmful or doesn’t effect anything Chromosome mutation A mutation that affects multiple genes Mutagens A gents that change DNA (cause mutation)

8. Gene Mutation Substitution Transversion Insertion Transition Purin <-> Pirimidin Deletion Additions of nucleotide pairs in a gene Purin to Purin A <-> G Pirimidin to Pirimidin T <-> C Losses of nucleotide pairs in a gene

9. Chromosome Mutation Variation in number Aneuploidy Euploidy Variation in parts of chromosome sets (more likely trisomy or less likely monosomy) Down syndrome, trisomy 21 Klinefelter syndrome (trisomy XXY) Monosomy X Variation in complete sets of chromosomes Triploid: 3 sets of chromosome (AAABBBCCC) Tetraploid: 4 sets of chromosome (AAAABBBBCCCC)

10. Chromosome Mutation

11. Ex 01: Complete to understand basic concepts Term Definition Example DNA Molecule containing genetic information Inherited genetic material Structure housing multiple genes Humans have a total of 46 Variant of gene that can influence a trait Allele for hair color Change in the DNA sequence Mutation causing albinism Transmission of genes from parents offspring Blood type heredity Set of genes of an individual AA genotype for blood type Chromosome - Heredity - Mutation - Allele - DNA - Genotype

12. Ex 01: Complete to understand basic concepts Term Definition Example DNA Molecule containing genetic information Inherited genetic material Chromosome Structure housing multiple genes Humans have a total of 46 Allele Variant of gene that can influence a trait Hair color Mutation Change in the DNA sequence Causing albinism Heredity Transmission of genes from parents offspring Blood type Genotype Set of genes of an individual AA blood type Chromosome - Heredity - Mutation - Allele - DNA - Genotype

13. Ex 02: Fill in the blanks with appropriate terms A ____ is a segment of ____ that carries instructions for a specific trait, such as eye color ____ is a molecule containing genetic information, and it is composed of sequences of nucleotides Humans have a total of 46 _____________, which contain thousands of genes An ______ is a variant of a gene that can influence a particular ___________ of an individual A ________ is a change in the DNA sequence, which can result in new traits or hereditary disorders ________ is the transmission of ______ from parents to ________, contributing to the variability of traits _________ refers to the set of genes an individual possesses, while __________ refers to the ___________ _____________ of that individual

14. Ex 02: Fill in the blanks with appropriate terms A gene is a segment of DNA that carries instructions for a specific trait, such as eye color DNA is a molecule containing genetic information, and it is composed of sequences of nucleotides Humans have a total of 46 chromosomes , which contain thousands of genes An allele is a variant of a gene that can influence a particular characteristic of an individual A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence, which can result in new traits or hereditary disorders Heredity is the transmission of genes from parents to offspring , contributing to the variability of traits Genotype refers to the set of genes an individual possesses, while phenotype refers to the observable characteristics of that individual

15. What is an allele? a) An additional chromosome. b) A specialized cell type. c) A variant of a gene that can influence some trait. What is genotype? a) The process of cell division. b) The basic structure of a chromosome. c) The complete set of genetic material What is a gene? a) A type of cell in the body. b) A change in DNA. c) A segment of DNA carrying instructions for a specific trait. What is the molecule containing genetic information? a) RNA b) ATP c) DNA Ex 03: Read and choose the correct answer

16. What is an allele? a) An additional chromosome. b) A specialized cell type. c) A variant of a gene that can influence some trait. What is genotype? a) The complete set of genetic material. b) The basic structure of a chromosome. c) The process of cell division. What is a gene? a) A type of cell in the body. b) A change in DNA. c) A segment of DNA carrying instructions for a specific trait. What is the molecule containing genetic information? a) RNA b) DNA c)ATP Ex 03: Read and choose the correct answer

17. Match definition with terms Mutation A segment of DNA that carries the instructions for a specific trait or function of an organism Genotype The process of copying DNA to create a complementary RNA strand Variants of a gene that arise due to mutations and may result in different traits Transcription

18. Match definition with terms Mutation A segment of DNA that carries the instructions for a specific trait or function of an organism Genotype The process of copying DNA to create a complementary RNA strand Variants of a gene that arise due to mutations and may result in different traits Transcription

19. Thanks! Do you have any questions? [email protected] [phone] yourwebsite.com Please keep this slide for attribution

20. Alternative resources Here’s an assortment of alternative resources whose style fits the one of this template: Colorful female scientist illustration

21. Resources Vectors: Scientists holding dna molecules Did you like the resources? Get them for free at our other websites: Photos: Dna representation collage Dna representation collage I Dna representation collage II Dna representation collage III Scientists with tube and glass slide close up Front view of smiley female scientists in the lab posing with arms crossed

22. Instructions for use If you have a free account, in order to use this template, you must credit Slidesgo by keeping the Thanks slide. Please refer to the next slide to read the instructions for premium users. As a Free user, you are allowed to: Modify this template. Use it for both personal and commercial projects. You are not allowed to: Sublicense, sell or rent any of Slidesgo Content (or a modified version of Slidesgo Content). Distribute Slidesgo Content unless it has been expressly authorized by Slidesgo. Include Slidesgo Content in an online or offline database or file. Offer Slidesgo templates (or modified versions of Slidesgo templates) for download. Acquire the copyright of Slidesgo Content. For more information about editing slides, please read our FAQs or visit our blog: https://slidesgo.com/faqs and https://slidesgo.com/slidesgo-school

23. As a Premium user, you can use this template without attributing Slidesgo or keeping the " Thanks " slide. You are allowed to: Modify this template. Use it for both personal and commercial purposes. Hide or delete the “Thanks” slide and the mention to Slidesgo in the credits. Share this template in an editable format with people who are not part of your team. You are not allowed to: Sublicense, sell or rent this Slidesgo Template (or a modified version of this Slidesgo Template). Distribute this Slidesgo Template (or a modified version of this Slidesgo Template) or include it in a database or in any other product or service that offers downloadable images, icons or presentations that may be subject to distribution or resale. Use any of the elements that are part of this Slidesgo Template in an isolated and separated way from this Template. Register any of the elements that are part of this template as a trademark or logo, or register it as a work in an intellectual property registry or similar. For more information about editing slides, please read our FAQs or visit our blog: https://slidesgo.com/faqs and https://slidesgo.com/slidesgo-school Instructions for use (premium users)

24. This presentation has been made using the following fonts: Cairo (https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Cairo) Albert Sans (https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Albert+Sans) #434343 #134f5c Fonts & colors used #11dfdf #ea9999 #ffffff #fdfdf8 #c2c2c2

25. Create your Story with our illustrated concepts. Choose the style you like the most, edit its colors, pick the background and layers you want to show and bring them to life with the animator panel! It will boost your presentation. Check out h ow it works . Storyset Pana Amico Bro Rafiki Cuate

26. You can easily resize these resources without losing quality. To change the color , just ungroup the resource and click on the object you want to change. Then, click on the paint bucket and select the color you want. Group the resource again when you’re done. You can also look for more infographics on Slidesgo. Use our editable graphic resources...

27. JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL PHASE 1 Task 1 Task 2 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE PHASE 1 PHASE 2 Task 1 Task 2 Task 1 Task 2

28. You can resize these icons without losing quality. You can change the stroke and fill color ; just select the icon and click on the paint bucket/pen . In Google Slides, you can also use Flaticon’s extension , allowing you to customize and add even more icons. ...and our sets of editable icons

29. Educational Icons Medical Icons

30. Business Icons Teamwork Icons

31. Help & Support Icons Avatar Icons

32. Creative Process Icons Performing Arts Icons

33. Nature Icons

34. SEO & Marketing Icons