Application of Renewable Energy Resources

Renewable energy resources commonly used for applications include solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass.

1. APPLICATIONS OF RENEWABLE AND NON-CONVENSTIONAL ENERGY RESOURCES -RUSHIKESH ARUN PORATE

2. Energy Resources • Energy resources can be classified as follows Energy According to source According to mode of Regeneration

3. According to Sources Conventional energy sources fossil fuels Coal Oil Natural Gas Timber Non Conventional energy sources Solar energy Wind energy Hydropower energy Atomic energy Geothermal energy

4. According To Regeneration Capacity Non Renewable Sources Coal Oil Gas Petroleum Nuclear Fuel Renewable Sources Solar Energy Wind Energy Ocean Energy Tidal Energy Geothermal Energy Biomass Energy

5. Main types of renewable energy • Solar energy • Wind energy • Ocean energy • Biofuels energy • Geothermal energy There are many sources of renewable energy, but all of them, except geothermal energy, are more or less directly related to the sun: the main source of clean and sustainable energy for the earth.

6. Solar energy Methods : Photovoltaic and Solar thermal . World leaders in PV use: Germany, USA, Spain Solar thermal energy (STE) : Technology that uses solar energy to produce thermal energy, i.e. heat. There are low- ,medium- , and high temperature solar thermal collectors. This technique is known as concentrated solar power using solar collector Flat plate collector Concentrated solar collector Photovoltaics (PV) : The application of solar cells to convert sunlight directly into electricity. When PV cells are assembled , they form a PV module ( or panel ). An installation of panels is called a PV Array .

7. Wind energy The energy of wind is harnessed with help of wind turbines. They are usually grouped in wind farms (sometimes called wind parks ). LOCATIONS: There are onshore farms ( which, however , are often near water ); N ear shore farms (on land or on sea with in several km of a coast); O ffshore parks(ten km or more from land ). World leaders in wind energy use: Germany, USA, Spain, India

8. hydropower ENERGY Hydroelectricity is mostly generated in dams . Water is first collected in dams, then let flow through turbines. A great advantage of this technology is that the amount of energy produced can be easily adjusted to the level of demand by controlling the outflow of water . Hydropower supplies some 19% of all electricity in the world. It is generally far cheaper than fossil fuels or nuclear energy . However, there are certain problems related to dams, such as high construction and maintenance costs, the risk of dam breakage. To avoid these complications, damless hydroelectricity has been created . Tidal power technologies convert the energy of tides into electricity . Ocean thermal energy conversions by temperature difference of ocean water. World leaders in hydropower use : China, Brazil, Canada, USA , India.

9. Biofuel energy Biomass consists of living or recently dead organisms or other biological material. Biomass is used to produce biofuel . Biogas is produced by the biological breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Biodiesel is a very common biofuel. It is made from oils (extracted from maize , soy, sunflower , palm fruit and sometimes from animal products) that undergo chemical processing. World leaders in biomass use: USA, Germany , Brazil.

10. geothermal This type of energy is obtained by, Tapping the heat of the earth core, which is mostly in the form of hot water and steam. Geothermal power stations are expensive to build but their operating costs are low . A significant advantage is that geothermal energy is not dependent on weather conditions . Geothermal sources account for 19% of Iceland’s electricity production, and geothermal heating is used in 87 % of homes in the country.