Applications of Cell Biology & Genetics.pptx

Introduction to Cell biology

1. Applications of Cell Biology & Genetics BSc II ZOOLOGY Dr. G.D.HANDE Assistant Professor Dept. of Zoology SHRI SHIVAJI SCIENCE COLLEGE AMRAVATI. BRIDGE COURSE

2. Science is involved in cooking, eating, breathing, driving, playing, etc. The fabric we wear, the brush and paste we use, the shampoo, the talcum powder, the oil we apply, everything is the consequence of advancement of science. Life is unimaginable without all this, as it has become a necessity.

3. Students of Biology will not only learn about the human body, they will also put into context our place in the environment, how organisms rely on one another to co-exist on our planet and will also discover the natural food chain, distinguishing predators from prey .

4. Great Things About Biology You can make the most of hands-on learning. Learn latest research methods. You can use its principles to answer big questions. You can benefit from a clear career path. You can discover the basic living concepts. You can learn about the human body and how treat it.

5. Genetics and cell biology is the science of heredity . It is studied at the level of whole organisms (classical or transmission genetics), the DNA itself (molecular genetics), or whole populations (population and evolutionary genetics) in biochemistry, genetics and cell biology, or microbiology up to two years faster.

6. Molecular genetics, or molecular biology, is the study of the biochemical mechanisms of inheritance. It is the study of the biochemical nature of the genetic material and its control of phenotype. It is the study of the connection between genotype and phenotype. The connection is a chemical one.

7. All living things are all made up of cells. In order to develop new biotechnologies it is important to understand more about cells and the genetic information they contain. Eye colour is determined by the alleles we inherit from our parents.

8. Cell biology (also cellular biology or cytology) is a branch of biology studying the structure and function of the cell, also known as the basic unit of life. Cell biology encompasses both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and can be divided into many sub-topics which may include the study of cell metabolism, cell communication, cell cycle, biochemistry, and cell composition.

9. Healthcare and Medicine . Doctors, nurses, and other medical staff must study biology to learn how to aid both humans and animals. Learning about the human body's inner processes, organs, neurological system, blood, reproduction, development and diseases all prove essential for treatment and research.

10. By understanding how cells work in healthy and diseased states, cell biologists working in animal, plant and medical science will be able to develop new vaccines, more effective medicines, plants with improved qualities and through increased knowledge a better understanding of how all living things live.

11. Understanding genetic factors and genetic disorders is important in learning more about promoting health and preventing disease . Some genetic changes have been associated with an increased risk of having a child with a birth defect or developmental disability or developing diseases like cancer or heart disease .

12. “ Genetics is a field of science that includes the study of inheritance and genetic variations by investigating the DNA, genes, genome, chromosome and other components of it.” Genetics is the study of how different qualities, called traits, are passed down from parents to child. Genetics helps explain what makes you unique, why family members look alike, and why some diseases run in families. When we trace the paths of these qualities, we are following packages of information called genes.

13. Genetics will be important not only to understanding the cause of a disease, but also to recognizing the manner in which an individual responds to particular therapies. Drug metabolism is itself under genetic control, and susceptibility to side effects in some cases is governed by genetic predispositions.

14. “Genetics is a field of science that includes the study of inheritance and genetic variations by investigating the DNA, genes, genome, chromosome and other components of it.” In a broader sense, we can say, that the study of genes, genome and chromosome and related inheritance of traits is called genetics.

15. Applications of genetic studies : Disease diagnosis and characterization. Identification of pathogenic mutations. Preserving biodiversity. Identification and characterization of microbes. Studying inheritance pattern. Creating advanced plant and Animals species . Creating genetically modified organisms. DNA fingerprinting.

16. Genetics can help us to understand why people look the way they do and why some people are more prone to certain diseases than others. Genetics can help health-care professionals to identify certain conditions in babies before they are born using techniques such as prenatal testing. Genetics can help us to understand why people look the way they do and why some people are more prone to certain diseases than others. Genetics can help health-care professionals to identify certain conditions in babies before they are born using techniques such as prenatal testing.

17. Genetics will be important not only to understanding the cause of a disease, but also to recognizing the manner in which an individual responds to particular therapies. Drug metabolism is itself under genetic control, and susceptibility to side effects in some cases is governed by genetic predispositions.

18. Medicine Genetic techniques are used in medicine to diagnose and treat inherited human disorders. Knowledge of a family history of conditions such as cancer or various disorders may indicate a hereditary tendency to develop these afflictions. Cells from embryonic tissues reveal certain genetic abnormalities, including enzyme deficiencies, that may be present in newborn babies, thus permitting early treatment. Many countries require a blood test of newborn babies to determine the presence of an enzyme necessary to convert an amino acid, phenylalanine, into simpler products.

19. Phenylketonuria (PKU), which results from lack of the enzyme, causes permanent brain damage if not treated soon after birth. Many different types of human genetic diseases can be detected in embryos as young as 12 weeks; the procedure involves removal and testing of a small amount of fluid from around the embryo (called amniocentesis) or of tissue from the placenta (called chorionic villus sampling).

20. Gene therapy is based on modification of defective genotypes by adding functional genes made through recombinant DNA technology. Bioinformatics is being used to “mine” the human genome for gene products that might be candidates for designer pharmaceutical drugs.

21. A newer application of genetics and genomics relates to something called pharmacogenomics . Pharmacogenomics is the study of how your genetic make-up determines how your body breaks down or metabolizes certain medications. Knowing this information can allow your doctors to ensure you are taking the right dose of a particular medication or, in some cases, recommend a different medication altogether if your genetic make-up indicates that you are likely to experience significant side effects or not respond to the medication.

22. 2.Cell and tissue culturing ,an essential unit of cell biology inculcates knowledge and practice of the fundamental techniques involved in the growth of the cell type of interest. This is applied in biotechnology to nature cells of interest in preparation for Genetic studies. 3.Cell division in Cell Biology, is crucial in Biotechnological studies, when monitoring growth of Cancer cells for therapeutic purposes.

23. 4. Cell physiology, studied in Cell Biology, helps Biotechnologists to understand the concept of Cell transport which they apply in Mutation studies to confirm how wild strains and mutants behave physiologically. 5.Biotechnologists apply the concept of Cell Death (a unit in Cell Biology) to study the effects of external and internal forces influencing the cell’s life-maintaining signals, this therefore helps them know and appreciate the concept of cell apoptosis (programmed cell death)

24. The course has been developed to incorporate the theoretical and practical aspects of molecular and cellular biology, providing you with the knowledge and expertise you’ll need for a career in the healthcare industry. You will have the opportunity to develop your interest in biology, learn the laboratory skills that are the basis for major modern scientific breakthroughs, and gain a full appreciation of how the improved knowledge of genetics and cell biology impacts on society.

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