Applied mushroom biology-definition,characteristics, mushroom cultivation.

In this paper, that i explained about the applied mushroom biology of definition, characteristics, components, structure, types, life cycle, mushroom cultivation.

1. APPLIED MUSHROOM BIOLOGY PAPER PREPARE BY, N.ARCHANA M.Sc., ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY

2. DEFINITION: A mushroom is the fruiting body of a fungus. It typically produced above ground, that serves as a reproductive structure for the organism . Characteristics: Fungal origin: Mushrooms are part of the kingdom Fungi. Fruit-like structure: Mushrooms resemble fruits in appearance and function. Spore production: Mushrooms produce spores for reproduction Underground mycelium: Mushrooms are connected to an underground network of fungal hyphae (mycelium).

3. COMPONENTS: 1. Cap ( pileus ): The visible, upper part of the mushroom. 2. Stem ( stipe ): The stalk that supports the cap. 3. Gills (lamellae) or pores (tubules): Spore-producing structures under the cap. 4. Mycelium: The underground network of fungal hyphae .

4. STRUCTURE OF MUSHROOM

5. TYPES OF MUSHROOM : 1. Edible mushrooms (e.g., button mushrooms, portobello mushrooms) 2. Poisonous mushrooms (e.g., death cap, destroying angel) 3. Medicinal mushrooms (e.g., reishi , chaga ) 4. Psychedelic mushrooms (e.g., psilocybin mushrooms)

6. LIFE CYCLE: 1. Spore germination: Spores germinate into hyphae . 2 . Mycelium growth: Hyphae form a network of mycelium. 3 . Fruiting body formation: Mushrooms grow from the mycelium. 4. Spore production: Mushrooms produce spores for reproduction.

7. LIFE CYCLE OF MUSHROOM

8. MUSHROOM SCIENCE Mushroom Types : 1 . Ascomycota (cup fungi): Morels, truffles, and cup-shaped mushrooms . 2 . Basidiomycota (club fungi): Button mushrooms, portobellos , and bracket fungi . 3 . Deuteromycota (imperfect fungi): Fungi with unknown reproductive structures.

9. MUSHROOM CULTIVATION: 1 . Substrate preparation: Using materials like straw, compost, or wood chips . 2 . Spawn preparation: Inoculating substrate with fungal spores or mycelium . 3 . Environmental control: Temperature, humidity, light, and CO2 management . 4 . Harvesting: Timing and techniques for optimal yield and quality.

10. PROCESS OF MUSHROOM CULTIVATION

11. MUSHROOM USES 1 . Food: Edible mushrooms as a source of nutrients and flavor . 2 . Medicine: Fungal-derived compounds for healthcare and wellness . 3 . Bioremediation: Fungi for pollution cleanup and environmental restoration . 4 . Materials science: Fungal-based materials for textiles, construction, and more.

12. THANK YOU