Approaches to ecology.pptxmits helpful for

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1. Approaches to Ecology

2. 1. Taxonomic Ecology Plant Ecology Animal Ecology 2. Habitat Ecology Habitat Study Effects of habitats on Organism 3. Level of Organization Autecology-individual spc ----environment (LCA, Morphological changes, distribution) Synecology—Community study-----environment Population ecology and competition, Community ecology and interdependencies, Biome ecology and succession and climax stage studies(living), Ecosystem Ecology –living, non living interrelations

3. Direct factors- light, temp, humidity, soil air, soil water, soil nutrients Indirect Factors- Soil structure, soil organism, altitude, wind, slopes Abiotic Factors Categories of Ecological Factors 1. Climatic- Light, Temp, Rainfall, Humidity, gases and winds 2. Topographic/physiographic- Altitude, slope, direction of valleys 3. Edaphic- soil properties 4. Biotic- Plant, animal, microrganism

4. L ight (Plant) Chlorophyll production Heating Transpiration Stomatal Movement Plant Distribution Development of Plant Parts Phytoperiodism (long day- Brassica spc , Short day-Datura spc .) Succession

5. Light (Animals) Metabolism (tissue, increase enzymatic actions) Reproduction (breeding increases with light) Development (Salmon larva grows in light) Eyes (light intensities and eye development) Vision (visibility) Pigmentation (leaf insects develop color based on background color) Locomotion (speed based- photokinesis , Phototactic- moving towards eg. euglena or against light, eg. Worms)

6. Thus, Temperature Effects Metabolism Effects Reproduction Effects growth Effects coloration Effects morphology

7. Temperature Classification Megatherm - high temp, tropical rain forest Mesotherm - high and low temp, tropical deciduous forests Microtherm - low temp, coniferous forests Hekistotherm - very low temp, alpine vegetation

8. Thermal Stratification