AQUATIC-CHEMISTRY-2.pptx12_939392929394939

aquatic

1. Aquatic chemistry GOMBA, JASPER HERRERA, JUNE EDGAR FULLO, BEA GALERO, GLENN

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES TO DISCUSS THE CHEMICAL PROCESSES AFFECTING WATER QUALITY TO KNOW WHAT ARE THE POLLUTANTS IN WATER TO DISCUSS WHAT ARE THE WATER TREATHMENT AND METHODS TO KNOW THE RELEVANCE OF STUDYING AQUATIC CHEMISTRY TO ENVIRONMENTAL COURSE

3. Aquatic chemistry Aquatic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that focuses on the chemical processes and interaction occurring in aquatic environments, including rivers, lakes, oceans, and wetland .

4. CLASSIFICATION OF WATER Based on its source, water can be divided into ground water and surface water Both types of water can be exposed to contamination risks from agricultural, industrial, and domestic activities, which may include many types of pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, fertilizers, hazardous chemicals, and oils. Water quality can be classified into four types (potable water, palatable water, contaminated (polluted) water, and infected water). The most common scientific.

5. POTABLE WATER : It is safe to drink, pleasant to taste, and usable for domestic purposes . PALATABLE WATER : It is esthetically pleasing; it considers the presence of chemicals that do not cause a threat to human health. CONTAMINATED WATER : It is that water containing unwanted physical, chemical, biological, or radiological substances, and it is unfit for drinking or domestic use. INFECTED WATER : It is contaminated with pathogenic organism.

6. PARAMETERS OF WATER QUALITY Turbidity Temperature Color Taste and odor Solids Electrical conductivity (EC) There are three types of water quality parameters PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, and BIOLOGICAL. . Physical parameters of water quality:

7. pH Acidity Alkalinity Chloride Chlorine residual Sulfate Nitrogen Fluoride Iron and manganese Copper and zinc Hardness Chemical parameters of water quality

8. Bacteria Algae Viruses Protozoa Indicator organisms . Biological parameters of water quality

9. CHEMICAL PROCESSES AFFECTING WATER QUALITY

10. PRECIPITATION Precipitation in water bodies refers to the process where dissolved substances in water combine to form solid particles, which then settle out of the water. This process occurs when the concentration of dissolved ions in water reaches a point where they can no longer stay in solution, leading to the formation of solid compounds that precipitate out.

11. ACID-BASE REACTION Acid-base reactions in water bodies are fundamental chemical processes that significantly influence water quality, ecosystem health, and nutrient availability. These reactions involve the transfer of protons (H+ ions) between acids and bases, leading to changes in pH and the chemical composition of the water.

12. OXIDATION-REDUCTION Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions are fundamental chemical processes that occur in water bodies and play a critical role in water quality, nutrient cycling, and the survival of aquatic life. In these reactions, one substance loses electrons (oxidation) while another gains electrons (reduction) Redox reactions in water bodies influence the solubility and mobility of various chemical species, the breakdown of organic matter, and the cycling of nutrients such as nitrogen, sulfur, and iron.

13. EUTROPHICATION Eutrophication is considered a chemical process in water bodies, though it also involves biological and physical changes. The core of eutrophication is the chemical enrichment of water bodies with nutrients-primarily nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)-which leads to various chemical reactions and changes in water quality. These nutrients promote the excessive growth of algae and aquatic plants, initiating a chain of chemical and biological processes that impact the water ecosystem

14. COMPLEXATION COMPLEXATION IN THE WATER BODIES REFERS TO THE PROCESS BY WHICH METAL IONS BINDS TO ORGANIC OR INORGANIC MOLECULES . THIS PHENOMENON SIGNIFICANTLY INFLUENCE THE BEHEAVIOR,TRANSPORT,AND BIOAVAILITY OF METALS AND NUTRIENTS IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT

15. POLLUTANTS IN AQUATIC SYSTEM (ORGANIC AND INORGANIC CONTAMINANTS) Pollutants are substances or energy introduced into the environment that adversely affect water quality, impacting both human and ecological health.

16. ORGANIC POLLUTANTS : Organic pollutants in water quality refer to harmful chemicals that contain carbon and come from both natural and human-made sources. These pollutants can degrade water quality, pose health risks, and disrupt aquatic ecosystems 1 . Pesticides & Herbicides :Sources: Agricultural runoff, improper pesticide disposal.

17. 2 .Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) Sources: Wastewater from homes, hospitals, and pharmaceutical industries. 3.Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs ) Sources: Industrial discharges, solvent use, gasoline spills.

18. 4.Detergents and Surfactants :Sources: Domestic wastewater, industrial cleaning. 5.Microplastics : Sources: Breakdown of plastic waste, synthetic textiles personal care products

19. INORGANIC POLLUTANTS : Inorganic pollutants in aquatic systems are chemical substances that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds and originate from both natural and anthropogenic sources. These pollutants can have profound effects on water quality, aquatic ecosystems, and human health. 1.Heavy Metals :Sources: Industrial discharges, mining activities, agricultural runoff, corrosion of plumbing systems, atmospheric deposition, and natural rock weathering.

20. 2.Nitrates and Nitrites : Sources: Fertilizers, agricultural runoff, wastewater, septic systems, and atmospheric deposition from combustion processes. 3.(Sodium, Chloride, Sulfates) :Sources: Road de-icing salts, seawater intrusion, agricultural runoff, and industrial wastewater.

21. 4.Ammonia :Sources: Agricultural runoff, animal waste, wastewater treatment plants, and decaying organic matter 5.Chlorine and Chloramines :Sources: Used as disinfectants in water treatment Metals : Metals such as lead, nickel, cadmium, zinc, copper, mercury or aluminum enter freshwater ecosystems from a wide range of industrial processes, water leaching from landfills, some agricultural processes, and from activities such as mining.

22. WATER TREATMENT METHODS

23. Mitigation and Treatment in Organic pollutants that contaminate water quality · Filtration and Adsorption: Activated carbon filters are commonly used to remove organic pollutants from drinking water. · Bioremediation : Microorganisms can be used to break down organic pollutants, especially in wastewater treatment processes. · Chemical Oxidation : Techniques such as advanced oxidation processes use chemicals like ozone or hydrogen peroxide to degrade organic contaminants.

24. Management and Mitigation of Inorganic Pollutants that contaminate water quality · Water Treatment : Advanced filtration, chemical precipitation, ion exchanged reverse osmosis are common methods used to remove inorganic pollutants from water supplies. · Pollution Control Regulations : Governments regulate emissions from industries, agriculture, and wastewater treatment plants to limit the release of harmful inorganic pollutants into aquatic systems. · . Phytoremediation and Bioremediation: Certain plants and microorganisms can be used to absorb and break down inorganic pollutants from water bodies. · Monitoring and Environmental Awareness : Regular monitoring of water quality and public awareness campaigns are essential for preventing pollution and protecting aquatic ecosystems.

25. RELEVANCE OF STUYING AQUATIC CHEMISTRY TO ENVIRONMRNTAL SCIENCE COURSE UNDERSTANDING ECOSYSTEM Aquatic chemistry provides insight into the chemical processes that govern aquatic ecosystems, including nutrient cycles, pollution dynamics, and the health of water bodies. This knowledge is essential for understanding how these ecosystems function and how they respond to environmental changes.

26. INTERDISCIPLINARY CONNECTIONS Aquatic chemistry intersects with other disciplines such as biology, geology, and meteorology, enriching the overall understanding of environmental processes and contributing to more holistic environmental solution.

27. POLLUTION MANAGEMENT Knowledge of aquatic chemistry is crucial for managing and mitigating pollution. It helps in identifying contaminants, understanding their behavior and impacts, and developing strategies for remediation and prevention

28. WATER QUALITY ASSESTMENT Environmental scientists use principles from aquatic chemistry to assess and monitor water quality, This include analyzing parameters such as ph , dissolve oxygen, and the presence of harmful substances, which are critical for ensuring safe drinking water and healthy aquatic environments .

29. CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT Aquatic chemistry helps in studying the effects of climate change on water bodies. Changes in temperature , acidity, and nutrient levels can have significant impacts on aquatic life and water quality.

30. REGULATORY COMPLIANCE Understanding aquatic chemistry aids in ensuring compliance with environmental regulations and standards related to water quality. It provides the scientific basis for setting and enforcing water quality criteria and guidelines.