Ar. louis sullivan

Architect presentation by Ar. Ayaz Ahmad Khan

1. father of skyscrapers father of modernism One of the recognized trinity of American a r c hi t e c t u r e LOUI S HENRY SULLI V AN Form follows function “ ”

2. About…. Born September 3, 1856 Bo s ton,M a s s ac hu s et ts,USA. studied Influenced by Masatuset institute of Architecture Henry Hobson Richardson Influenced Frank Lloyd Wright D i ed April 14, 1924 (aged 67) Chicago, Illinois, U.S.

3. About…. Louis Henri Sullivan (September 3, 1856 – April 14, 1924)was an American architect He is considered as the creator of the modern skyscraper , was an influential architect and critic of the Chicago School Was a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright , and an inspiration to the Chicago group of architects who have come to be known as the Prairie School Also considered as “ Father of Modernism”.

4. LIFE HISTORY …. Louis Sullivan was born to an Irish-born father and a Swiss-born mother, both of whom had imigrated to the U.S. in the late 1840s Louis spent most of his childhood in Boston at his grandparent’s farm. While attending high school Sullivan met Moses Woolson , whose teachings made a lasting impression on him, and nurtured him until his death Sullivan entered MIT at the age of sixteen After one year of study, he moved to Philadelphia and engaged himself into a job with architect Frank Furness . In 1871 he worked for William LeBaron Jenney , the architect often credited with erecting the first steel -frame building After less than a year with Jenney, Sullivan moved to Paris and studied at the École des Beaux-Arts for a year

5. LIFE HISTORY …. In 1879 Dankmar Adler hired Sullivan; a year later, he became a partner in the firm. This marked the beginning of Sullivan's most productive years. And at this firm Sullivan deeply influenced Frank Lloyd Wright , who came to embrace Sullivan's designs and principles as the inspiration for his own work. Adler and Sullivan initially achieved fame as theater architects While most of their theaters were in Chicago, they got commissions as far west as Pueblo, Colorado , and Seattle, Washington . The culminating project of this phase of the firm's history was the 1889 Auditorium Building in Chicago, an extraordinary mixed-use building which included not only a 3000-seat theater, but also a hotel and office building.

6. LIFE HISTORY …. Adler and Sullivan saw a precipitous decline in their practice with the onset of the Panic of 1893. He built many Midwestern banks , wrote books, and in 1922 appeared as a critic of Raymond Hood 's winning entry for the Tribune Tower competition, a steel-frame tower dressed in Gothic stonework that Sullivan described as a shameful piece of historicism. He died in a Chicago hotel room on april 14, 1924

7. chronology 1856 born to Irish/Swiss immigrants In Boston , Massachusetts, U.S. 1872 Attents Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) 1874 leaves for Paris to study further at the Ecole des Beaux Arts 1888 Frank Lloyd Wright joins the Adler/Sullivan firm. 1889 Auditorium Building 1924 Passed away

8. design Sullivan's philosophy that "form follows function" became one of the basic principles of twentieth century architecture, and was one of the foundations of Prairie School style Ornament and structure were integral; their subtle rhythm sustained a high emotional tension, yet produced a sense of serenity. But the building's identity resided in the ornament.

9. design He uses simple GEOMETRIC FORMS But highly O R N A M E N TA L

10. design decorated with ornamentation based on ORGANIC SYMBOLISM

11. design Sullivan developed a style of ornamentation reflected nature through symmetrical use of stylized foliage & weaving geometric forms

12. design MANIPULATION OF THE ORGANIC SIMPLE LEAF- FORMS COMPOUND LEAF- FORMS

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16. design Another signature element of Sullivan's work is the massive, semi-circular arch . Sullivan employed such arches throughout his career—in shaping entrances , in framing windows , or as interior design .

17. design TERRA COTTA various D E C O R A T I O N in d o n e b y L . S u l l i v a n

18. Major works Public buildings Auditorium Building,1989 Chicago, illinois

19. Major works office buildings Wainwright Building St. Louis (1890) Guaranty Building (formerly Prudential Building) Buffalo,NY (1894)

20. Major works Bank buildings National Farmer's Bank , Owatonna, Minnesota(1908) People's Federal Savings and Loan Association , Sidney, Ohio(1917) Farmers and Merchants Union Bank, Columbus, Wisconsin(1919 ) Merchants' NationalBank , Grinnell, Iowa(1914)

21. Major works chur c hes Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Cathedral and Rectory , Chicago (1900–1903) Pilgrim Baptist Church (1890), Chicago, Illinois

22. Major works Martin Ryerson Tomb 1889 Chicago, Illinois Wainwright Tomb 1892 St. Louis, Missouri Carrie Eliza Getty Tomb Chicago, Illinois, Tombs

23. Major works Auditorium Building | 1886-1890 Chicago, Illinois USA Wainwright Building | 1890-1891 St. Louis, Missouri USA Guaranty Building | 1894-1895 Buffalo, New York USA Carson, Pirie, Scott and Co. | 1899-1904 Chicago, Illinois USA National Farmers' Bank | 1906-1908 Owatonna, Minnesota USA Merchant's National Bank | 1913-1914 Grinnell, Iowa USA People's Savings and Loan Association Bank | 1919 Sidney, Ohio USA Farmers' and Merchants' Union Bank | 1919 Columbus, Wisconsin USA Zion Temple, Chicago. 1884

24. DeSIGN PHILOSHOPHY Louis Sullivan coined the phrase “ form ever follows function ”, which, shortened to "form follows function," would become the great battle-cry of modernist architects. Placed the demands of practical use above aesthetics. His buildings could be spare and crisp in their principal masses, he often punctuated their plain surfaces with eruptions of lush Art Noveau . Some of the decorations, usually cast in iron or terra cotta, and ranging from organic forms like vines and ivy, to more geometric designs, and interlace, inspired by his Irish design heritage Another signature element of Sullivan's work is the massive, semi-circular arch. Sullivan employed such arches throughout his career — in shaping entrances, in framing windows, or as interior design.

25. DeSIGN PHILOSHOPHY Louis Sullivan wrote that the skyscraper "must be tall, every inch of it tall. The force and power of altitude must be in it the glory and pride of exaltation must be in it. It must be every inch a proud and soaring thing, rising in sheer exultation that from bottom to top it is a unit without a single dissenting line." ( The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered , 1896, by Louis Sullivan. Pirie, Scott, Building

26. DeSIGN PHILOSHOPHY Most of his design was visibly divided into three "zones“ of design: a plain, wide-windowed base for the ground-level shops; vertical ribbons of masonry rising unimpeded across nine upper floors to emphasize the building's height an ornamented cornice at the roof level He was a great supporter of Art Noveau

27. (PRUDENTIAL BUILDING)

28. Guaranty Building Year(s) of construction: 1895-1896 Architects: Louis H. Sullivan and Dank m arAdler Function: Office Building Present name Pr ud ential Building No. of Floors: 13 Height: 46 m

29. plan 1 ST F L OOR in 1897

30. plan 1 ST F L OOR Restored in 1984

31. plan typical UPPER FLOORS

32. design The structure was built entirely of steel Combines masonry with terra cotta Ornaments :most defining characteristics used strong vertical lines to emphasize their verticality

33. design the ornament of the glass windows

34. Guaranty Building The elaborately decorated terra cotta cornice

35. Guaranty Building Ornaments of a column capital

36. Guaranty Building A Floral detail on the wall

37. Guaranty Building Arch at the entrance

38. Guaranty Building - interior

39. Guaranty Building - interior

40. AUDITORIUM BUILDING

41. AUDITORIUM BUILDING Year(s) of construction: 1889 Architects: Sullivan and Dank m arAdler Function: A u d itorium S t yle: No. of Floors: Late 19th and Early 20th Century American Movements 13 Height: 46 m

42. AUDITORIUM BUILDING auditorium was designed so that all seats would have good views and acoustics FLOOR PLAN

43. AUDITORIUM BUILDING LONGITUDINAL SECTION Longitudinal section looking south

44. AUDITORIUM BUILDING ELEVATION EAST

45. AUDITORIUM BUILDING VIEW

46. AUDITORIUM BUILDING ELEVATION SOUTH

47. AUDITORIUM BUILDING

48. AUDITORIUM BUILDING

49. AUDITORIUM BUILDING

50. merchAnts’ n AtionAl bAnk

51. Year(s) of construction: 1914 Architects: Louis Sullivan& Stewart- R o b is o n-L a ff a n Function: Bank Building A r ch i tectural Styles Late 19th And Early 20th Century American Movements, Other Status National Historic Landmark merchAnts’ n AtionAl bAnk

52. design Façade of the bank

53. It is one of a series of small banks designed by Louis Sullivan in the Midwest between 1909 and 1919. All of the banks are built of brick and for this structure he employed various shades of brick Structurally the building is a rectangular box merchAnts’ n AtionAl bAnk

54. a series of stained glass windows on the eastern facade Light is introduced into the interior by these windows and a sky light the oversized cartouche that surrounds a circular window merchAnts’ nAtionAl bAnk built of various shades of brick , ranging in color from blue-black to golden brown, giving it an overall reddish brown appearance

55. merchAnts’ n AtionAl bAnk The cornice design

56. merchAnts’ n AtionAl bAnk design above the ground floor windows

57. merchAnts’ n AtionAl bAnk The entrance portal and decorative designs

58. merchAnts’ n AtionAl bAnk oversized cartouche that surrounds a circular window

59. merchAn t s’ nA t ionAl bAnk Lion griffin beside door of Merchants' National Bank

60. merchAnts’ n AtionAl bAnk

61. merchAnts’ n AtionAl bAnk Circular window On the facade colored glass skylight on ceiling glass windows on the eastern facade

62. NATIONAL’S FARMERS BANK National Farmers' Bank · Owatonna,Minnesota

63. NATIONAL’S FARMERS BANK The National Farmers' Bank of Owatonna , Minnesota is a bank building designed by Louis Sullivan with decorative elements by George Elmslie . The building is clad in red brick with green terra cotta bands, and features two large arches . The great ornamented mass brings the lines of street facades and jumbled store fronts and an arcaded office building to a monumental climax. Corner view, from southwest · National Farmers' Bank · Owatonna,Minnesota

64. NATIONAL’S FARMERS BANK Ornamentation is concentrated in panels, of bronze-green terra cotta, with intricate cast iron escutcheons at the corners. The base is of red sandstone, with dark red brick walls. Ornamentation is concentrated in panels, of bronze-green terra cotta, with intricate cast iron escutcheons at the corners; the cornice is simply corbeled brick courses.

65. NATIONAL’S FARMERS BANK The main banking room is a single cubical space enclosed by a box, indicated by the wide stained-glass lunette windows

66. NATIONAL’S FARMERS BANK Internal elements include two stained glass windows designed by Louis J. Millet , a mural by Oskar Gross , and four immense cast iron electroliers designed by George Grant Elmslie and cast by Winslow Brothers Company (owned by William Winslow, for whom Frank Lloyd Wright designed an iconic house)

67. National Farmers' Bank South walls · National Farmers' Bank · Owatonna, Minnesota

68. National Farmers' Bank Interior, east wall · National Farmers' Bank · Owatonna, Minnesota

69. National Farmers' Bank Interior, ceiling/northwest corner · National Farmers' Bank

70. National Farmers' Bank Ceiling · National Farmers' Bank

71. National Farmers' Bank

72. National Farmers' Bank

73. "the most sensitive and the most graceful of Sullivan's tombs" and as "one of Sullivan's masterpieces."

74. Wainwright Tomb The  Wainwright Tomb  is a  mausoleum  located in  Bellefontaine Cemetery  in  St. Louis, Missouri . Originally constructed for Charlotte Dickson Wainwright in 1892, the tomb also contains the remains of her husband,  Ellis Wainwright . Shortly after the construction of the Wainwright Building in  Downtown St. Louis  (itself now a  National Historic Landmark ), the "young and beautiful" wife of wealthy St. Louis brewery owner Ellis Wainwright died .   Wainwright commissioned Louis Sullivan to design a tomb for his wife and himself, which was completed in 1892.

75. Wainwright Tomb The tomb is a domed cubic building with walls of concrete covered in limestone on the exterior. On the northeast (front) side of the tomb is the entrance with a double-leafed bronze grill and double-doors. The sides of the tomb each have windows, also covered in bronze grills. The limestone walls are carved with floral patterns that do not repeat. The interior of the tomb has two burial slabs and a  mosaic floor and ceiling. The Wainwright Tomb has significance as a work of Louis Sullivan, and it has been described as "the most sensitive and the most graceful of Sullivan's tombs" and as "one of Sullivan's masterpieces.

76. Wainwright Tomb

77. Wainwright Tomb FLOO R PLAN PLAN - 1/4 OF THE CEILING

78. Wainwright Tomb TRANSVERSE SECTION SIDE ELEVATI O N

79. Wainwright Tomb The interior of the tomb has two burial slabs and a mosaic floor and ceiling

80. Wainwright Tomb E ntrance with a double-leafed bronze grill

81. Wainwright Tomb The sides of the tomb each have windows, also covered in bronze grills

82. Wainwright Tomb

83. references http://www.hodgsonruss.com/Home/Offices/GuarantyBuilding http://exhibits.slpl.org/steedman/data/Steedman240089386.asp?thread=240091124 http://www.prairiestyles.com/lsullivan.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Sullivan http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Auditorium_Building.html http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/sidney/sidney.html