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1. Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD Professor Architecture Discipline SET School Khulna University Khulna 9208 Arch 6101 : Architecture History, Theory & Criticism M. Arch, January 2024

2. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 | Module 01 Module 04 Lecture 7-9 Contextualizing history-theory-criticism Criticism in architecture Architectural criticism: projects, analysis of parts, and deducing designerly intentions Module 02 Review class Lecture 4-6 Assignment 1: On History History of the theory in/of architecture Critical fruition of theory: Classicism , Christianity, Baroque, Renaissance, Vitruvius , Alberti , Palladio, Perrault, Du Bois Assignment 3: On Criticism Lecture 1-3 Problematizing; external/internal concerns of architecture Lecture 10-12 Lecture 31-33 Assignment 2: On Theory Lecture 40 Methods of architectural criticism: description, analysis & evaluation Lecture 28-30 Lecture 16-18 Module 03 Lecture 13-15 Theory in the history of architecture Critical fruition of theory: Power/Difference/Embodiment; Aesthetics/Pleasure/Excess; Nation/World/Spectacle Lecture 19-21 Aspects of criticism : value systems, costs, technological performance, metaphors, unspoken, suppressed, unintentional qualities of design Lecture 34-36 Framing the ‘unframed’: writing the ‘modern’ and the ‘contemporary’ in Bangladesh Lecture 37-39 Critical fruition of theory: Neoclassicism , Enlightenment, Rationalism, Eclecticism, Laugier , Piranesi, de Quincy, Viollet-le-Duc, Schinkel, Jefferson, Semper Critical fruition of theory: Modernity , Avant-Garde, Modernism, Loos , Benjamin, Bloch, Adorno, Venice School Critical fruition of theory: History/Memory/Tradition; Design/Production/Practice; Science/Technology/ Virtuality Critical fruition of theory: Nature/Ecology/Sustainability; City/Metropolis/Territory Lecture 22-24 Criticism, Creation & Synthesis; Contemporary Debates Lecture 25-27 Processes, Principles

3. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 | Lecture 1-3 Topics/activity Resources Problematizing architectural history-theory-criticism External (cultural) and Internal (disciplinary) concerns of Architecture Problematizing architectural history-theory-criticism Hartoonian G. 2018. Time, History, and Architecture. Essays on Critical Historiography, Routledge External (cultural) & Internal (disciplinary) concerns of Architecture Fuller J. E . 2000. History, Theory and Criticism in Technical Courses of Architectural Engineering Technology: A Necessary and Didactic Relationship. Smith K. (ed.) 2012. Introducing Architectural Theory. Debating a Discipline. Routledge MODULE 01

4. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 | Building succeeds or fails on many different levels : as a practical object as well as a beautiful one , as a work of art, but also as a setting for life. To complicate matters further, there are many vantage points from which to pass judgement on a building . (But) what appears to be an admirable and provocative architectural statement today may be shown with the passage of time to have been a misguided & flimsy attempt at novelty. The importance of buildings was not what they said about the vision of individual architects , but how they reflected the values of the society of which they were a part. ( Rybczyski 1992)

5. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 |

6. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 |

7. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 |

8. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 |

9. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 |

10. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 | Everyday Architectural Engagement

11. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 | What is theory? How is it useful ? Or is it, at all? Does theory excite you? Does it scare you?

12. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 | Explicit or implicit, architectural theory is the means by which architects and architectural scholars situate themselves in the world. This positioning is not merely based on embracing fashionable discourses , but is part of clarifying one’s architectural line of thinking . It is how the discipline of architecture began and has evolved. Theory is what underpins all aspects of architecture – technological , cultural, economic & aesthetic . In essence, architectural theories provide the foundation from which any student or practitioner asserts a particular stance or value structure of architecture . It is through theories that architects align with or dispute other architects or architectural works . Built forms, themselves, thus are a manifestation of theory. (Smith 2012, p. 4)

13. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 |

14. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 | “I speak of a complex & contradictory architecture based on the richness & ambiguity of modern experience, including that experience which is inherent in art…I welcome the problems & exploit the uncertainties …I like elements which are hybrid rather than ‘pure’ , compromising rather than ‘clean’ … accommodating rather than excluding …I am for messy vitality over obvious unity …I prefer ‘ both-and ’ to ‘ either-or ’, black & white , & sometimes gray , to black or white…An architecture of complexity & contradiction must embody the difficult unity of inclusion rather than the easy unity of exclusion .”

15. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 | Theories in Architecture & other Disciplines Theories in Natural Sciences: explanation/prediction/explore phenomenon Theories in Social Sciences: human behavior/social structure Theories in Architecture: technology/science/history/design

16. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 | Qualities of Architectural Theory Positionality & worldview Rational , pragmatic & concrete purpose Reliability , validity, repeatability & application Comprehensiveness , clarity & explicitness , consistency, parsimony & heurism Response to expert acceptance & cultural acceptance Part science, part history, part ideology , part sociology & part aesthetic/artistic judgment

17. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 | The evolution of the objective principles & subjective values that guide individual & collective decisions about & assessments of one’s own & others’ architectural works . (Smith 2012, p. 6)

18. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 | Critically examine questions of built environmental production & consumption within historical & contemporary milieu…key aim is to produce historical literacy & consciousness to architects understand how the present is historically sedimented . (NUS H+T+C Cluster) HTC

19. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 | Relationship of history & theory brings an inspired connection between the idea & the time in which it was born , thus forming a greater understanding of the why something was done as well as what it was & who developed it. Where history & theory begin to merge is at the level of interpretation; sources; intentions; meanings & influences are teased out of what exists or out of newly discovered connections & attempts are made to integrate the pragmatics into some thematic schema . (Fuller 2000, p. 3-4) HTC

20. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 | Criticism provides the intellectual rigor to sift out that can be reinterpreted for contemporary means . Criticism can be the mental crucible to first mix the ingredients of new ideas. Criticism mixed with design (for technical details & procedures must be designed at least as much as the building mass) results in new ideas . The process of questioning is inherent in design . For design is full of ‘what-ifs ’ , open, exploratory, seeking what things might mean, could mean, may mean , to others – attempting to find structural relations to other places or things. (Fuller 2000, p. 4 ) HTC

21. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 |

22. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 | Intellectually expansive architecture criticism not only evaluates the merits & shortcomings of a project but reveals how buildings are situated in relation to history & theory & how they contribute to current economic, social & environmental dilemmas …The architecture critic is a mediator between the practice & the general public, translating aesthetic, theoretical & broader cultural matters into an accessible, informative, even entertaining piece of writing. Architecture criticism is a field that often co-opts figures outside the profession of architecture , with backgrounds in art history & journalism…Criticism draws on its core values of independence & expertise , but projects these forward as a propositional act . ( ArchDaily 2022)

23. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 |

24. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 |

25. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 | Design is not the icing on the cake but what makes architecture out of buildings , what turns them into places we want to live and eat & shop rather than avoid. Architecture critics can praise & pick on new designs . (Places Journal 2012)

26. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 | Framing the ‘unframed’: historicizing/critiquing/theorizing the ‘ contemporary’ in Bangladesh

27. | Sheikh Serajul Hakim, PhD| Professor | Architecture Discipline | SET School | Khulna University | Khulna – 9208 | Class Task 1 Form a pair (each from a different university) Google sites like ArchDaily or ContextBD Identify & select an architecture in contemporary Bangladesh (type) Go through “The State of Architecture in India ” at ArchDaily Identify a fe w parameters for analyzing your selected architecture Critically assess your preferred type (don’t forget worldview, time , context, intension & formal/spatial vocabulary like technology/materiality)