ARCHITECT BUILDING kjfbgbrejkgbhbgbrj.pptx

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1. A.DESIGN – IX ASSINGMENT -1

2. BEIJING DAXING INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT A breathtaking, one-of-a-kind airport has recently been inaugurated in the suburbs of Chinese capital, Beijing. Named the Beijing Daxing International Airport, the main building spans 700,000 square meters (7.5 million square feet), making it the world’s largest airport terminal within the world’s largest airport. The airport’s unique plan and pioneering design details set it apart from its compatriots, forming a new type of transportation center built for the future. Beijing Daxing’s massive size and innovative design comes with ambitious goals regarding its stake on the world’s transportation activity. The design was named Project of the Year in Architizer’s 2020 A+Awards , and also received the Jury Winner and Popular Choice accolades in the Transportation Infrastructure that same year. Beijing Daxing was developed to alleviate congestion at the capital’s existing airport, Beijing Capital International Airport, by redirecting travelers to a new transportation hub. The $11.5 billion airport replaces the 109-year-old Nanyuan Airport, which was Beijing’s first ever airport. Its last flight took off on September 25, and it will now exist as an aviation museum. Construction for the $11.5 billion project began in 2014, with more than 40,000 workers on site at its peak.

3. The compact, radial design of the terminal allows a maximum number of aircraft to be parked directly at the terminal with minimum distances from the center of the building. It reduces walking for passengers, providing great convenience and flexibility in operations, and it rids the need for shuttles and trains to get around. This configuration ensures the farthest boarding gate can be accessed in a walking time of less than 8 minutes. In an effort to reduce Beijing Daxing’s environmental footprint, Zaha Hadid Architects designed a rainwater collection and a water management system that stores, permeates, and purifies water up to 2.7 million cubic meters of water from nearby wetlands, lakes, and streams in order to prevent flooding and the summer heat island effect on the local microclimate. A centralized heating system, created to recover and retain excess heat from the airport’s operation, will also cut down on carbon emissions. Though Beijing Daxing is officially open for service, China United Airlines is the only airline that will be flying in and out of the airport until October 27. Designed by Zaha Hadid Architects and ADP Ingénierie , Beijing Daxing is built for the future, featuring a terminal the size of 97 soccer pitches, making it the largest single-building terminal in the world. The airport is nicknamed “starfish” for its shape fashioned by the five concourses connecting to a main hall. This design echoes principles within traditional Chinese architecture that organizes interconnected spaces around a central courtyard. It functions to seamlessly guide passengers through relevant departure, arrival, and transfer zones towards this grand, meeting space at the heart of the terminal. The airport’s 700,000 square-meter (7.5 million square feet) passenger terminal includes an 80,000 m^2 ground transportation center offering direct connections to Beijing, the national high-speed rail network and local train services, which provides a catalyst for economic development in Tianjin and Hebei Province.

4. La Sargada Familia – Antonio Gaudi Construction of the Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família began in 1882, more than a century ago. The temple is still under construction, with completion expected in 2026. It is perhaps the best known structure of Catalan Modernisme , drawing over three million visitors annually. Architect Antoni Gaudi worked on the project until his death in 1926, in full anticipation he would not live to see it finished. Gaudi was appointed architect in 1883 at 31 years of age, following disagreements between the temple’s promoters and the original architect, Francisco de Paula del Villar y Lozano. He maintained del Villar’s Latin cross plan, typical of Gothic cathedrals, but departed from the Gothic in several significant ways. Most notably, Gaudi developed a system of angled columns and hyperboloidal vaults to eliminate the need for flying buttresses. Rather than relying on exterior elements, horizontal loads are transferred through columns on the interior. La Sagrada Familia utilizes three-dimensional forms comprised of ruled surfaces, including hyperboloids, parabolas, helicoids, and conoids. These complex shapes allow for a thinner, finer structure, and are intended to enhance the temple’s acoustics and quality of light. Gaudi used plaster models to develop the design, including a 1:10 scale model of the main nave measuring five meters in height and width by two meters in depth. He also devised a system of strings and weights suspended from a plan of the temple on the ceiling. From this inverted model he derived the necessary angles of the columns, vaults, and arches. This is evident in the slanted columns of the Passion facade, which recall tensile structures but act in compression.

5. Gaudi embedded religious symbolism in each aspect of La Sagrada Familia, creating a visual representation of Christian beliefs. He designed three iconic facades for the basilica, the Glory, Nativity, and Passion facades, facing south, east, and west, respectively. The sculpting of the Nativity facade recalls smooth, intricate corbelling and was overseen by Gaudi. The Passion Facade is characterized by the work of Josep Maria Subirachs , whose angular sculptures extend the modernist character of the temple. The sculptor Etsuro Sotoo is responsible for the window ornaments and finials, which symbolize the Eucharist. The central nave soars to a height of 45 meters, and is designed to resemble a forest of multi-hued piers in Montjuïc and granite. The piers change in cross section from base to terminus, increasing in number of vertices from polygonal to circular. The slender, bifurcating columns draw the eye upward, where light filters through circular apertures in the vaults. These are finished in Venetian glass tiles of green and gold, articulating the lines of the hyperboloids. La Sagrada Familia has adopted contemporary digital design and construction technologies. Architects and craftsmen use Rhinoceros, Cadds5, Catia, and CAM to understand the complex geometries and visualize the building as a whole. Plaster models are still used as a design tool, now generated by a 3-D printer to accelerate the process. A digitally rendered video was recently released showing La Sagrada Familia's expected appearance upon completion.

6. Indian Institute of Management – Louis Kahn The Indian Institute of Managemnent (Indian Institute of Management) was one of the few commissions that Kahn made outside the United States. It began in 1962 and that same year the architect was commissioned to another important work in Dhaka, the National Assembly of Bangladesh. The implementation of this program required different types of buildings, a school, dormitories for students and housing for teachers and service. In this arid area of the country and in an area of 26 hectares fairly flat, Kahn outlined a map of inherent scale and geometric forms and related to the institutional hierarchy of the various buildings and programs. Construction details Walls diagonal These have been used as a unifying element between the different formal types of buildings. Have been used subtly in the four corners of the school building and is the main organizing principle within the school buildings, residence and staff accommodation and service. Halls Facilities include wide corridors that serve as semicubiertos transitional spaces in the complex interaction between teachers, students and visitors. Features Distinctive features of these buildings include the many square arches and brick structures on the walls with carved circles.

7. Spaces The special social conditions and site determined the organization and layout of spaces. With the location given to the three main parts of the whole school, the residence of students and teachers houses managed to maximize the airflow and thereby improve ventilation. The intense light and heat were attenuated by covered walkways, light boxes and interior courtyards. All these elements are integrated in the whole plastically. Residences Student residences Plants Ground floor: This floor is a great hall, kitchens and dining rooms. First floor: hall to the dining balconea Second and Third Floor: hall, bedrooms and bathrooms The relationship of the plant shows the relationship between the school and the different residences, creating both a constructive and functional unit. The provision of student dormitories and the school encourages human contact. The broker or hall of student dormitories is finished in a sort of triangular apse where you can meet a group of people. Residences for teachers Married teachers or students could enjoy more complete housing units, are actually small apartments with lounge, kitchen, one or two bedrooms, shower room, bathroom and terrace. Lake This artificial lake divides asymmetrically and residential buildings for teachers of students and school Courtyard Other school spaces Library Teacher Offices Classrooms Tower Service Centre for Management Development Materials It is basically a building made of brick, traditional Indian materials. In some walls and brick facades combined with concrete, resulting in a mixed construction and ornamental.

8. Innovative solutions

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