Architecture of Linux

Architecture of Linux

1. LINUX ARCHITECTURE
Prof. NeerajBhargava
Mrs. Shubha Chaturvedi
Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering & System Science
MDS University Ajmer, Rajasthan

2. LINUX ARCHITECTURE

3. The Linux operating system's architecture
mainly contains some of the components:
•The Kernel
•System Library
•Hardware layer
•System
•Shell Utility

4. 1. KERNEL
•Thekernelisacomputerprogramatthecoreofa
computer'soperatingsystemthathascompletecontrolover
everythinginthesystem.Itisthe"portionoftheoperating
systemcodethatisalwaysresidentinmemory",andfacilitates
interactionsbetweenhardwareandsoftwarecomponents.
•Akernelisthefoundationallayerofanoperatingsystem(OS).It
functionsatabasiclevel,communicatingwithhardwareand
managingresources,suchasRAMandtheCPU.Since
akernelhandlesmanyfundamentalprocesses,itmustbeloadedat
thebeginningofthebootsequencewhenacomputerstartsup.
•Thekernelconnectsthesystemhardwaretotheapplication
software,andeveryoperatingsystemhasakernel.Forexample,the
LinuxkernelisusednumerousoperatingsystemsincludingLinux,
FreeBSD,Android,andothers.

5. •Therearesomeoftheimportantkerneltypes
whicharementionedbelow:
•MonolithicKernel
•Microkernels
•Exokernels
•Hybridkernels
TheLinuxkernelisusednumerousoperating
systemsincludingLinux,FreeBSD,Androidand
others.

6. 2. System Libraries
•Systemlibrariesarespecialprogramsthathelpin
accessingthekernel'sfeatures.Akernelhastobe
triggeredtoperformatask,andthistriggeringis
donebytheapplications.Butapplicationsmust
knowhowtoplaceasystemcallbecauseeachkernel
hasadifferentsetofsystemcalls.
•SharedLibrariesarethelibrariesthatcanbelinked
toanyprogramatrun-time.Theyprovideameansto
usecodethatcanbeloadedanywhereinthe
memory.Onceloaded,thesharedlibrarycodecan
beusedbyanynumberofprograms.

7. 3. System Utility Programs
•Itisresponsiblefordoingspecializedleveland
individualactivities.Utilityprogramsthat
providetheusermostofthefunctionalitiesof
anoperatingsystems.
•Utilitiesaresoftwareprogramsthatadd
functionalitytoyourcomputerorhelpyour
computerperformbetter.Theseinclude
antivirus,backup,diskrepair,file
management,security,andnetworking
programs.

8. 4. Hardware layer
•The hardware: The physical machine—the
bottom or base of the system, made up of
memory (RAM) and the processor or central
processing unit (CPU), as well as input/output
(I/O) devices such as storage, networking, and
graphics.

9. 5. Shell
•Itisaninterfaceamongthekernelanduser.Itcanaffordthe
servicesofkernel.Itcantakecommandsthroughtheuser
andrunsthefunctionsofthekernel.Theshellisavailablein
distincttypesofOS.Theseoperatingsystemsarecategorized
intotwodifferenttypes,whicharethegraphical
shellsandcommand-lineshells.
•There are a few types of these shells which are categorized as
follows:
•Kornshell
•Bourne shell
•C shell
•POSIX shell

10. Assignment
1.Differentiate between Linux and Unix?
2.Differentiate between Linux and Windows?
3.Discuss Advantages and disadvantages of
Linux?
4.Explain in detail Architecture of Linux?
5.What is kernel of an operating system?
6.How is operating system communicate with
kernel?
7.Is Linux Kernel or OS ?
8.Explain kernel and its types?