Arduino based Automatic Solar Tracker.pptx

7th semester project on Arduino based Automatic solar tracker using LDR.

1. Synopsis Presentation on AUTOMATIC SOLAR TRACKER USING ARDUINO Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Maulana Azad College of Engineering and Technology Neora, Patna Under the guidance of : Dr. Tajuddin Ali Ahmad MD TAUKIR AHMED ( 118/19 ) UROOZ KHAN ( 119/19 ) ATIYA ( 112/19 ) SHAHJAHAN ( 107/19 ) PRESENTED BY :

2. CONTENTS Introduction Project Background Solar Tracker Circuit Diagram Working Principle Hardware Components Description Of Hardware Components Block Diagram Applications Conclusion Future Scope References

3. INTRODUCTION Solar energy is a very large, inexhaustible source of energy. Solar is the world’s most popular form of new electricity generation The power from the sun intercepted by the earth is approximately 1.8 x 10 11  MW Solar energy could supply all the present and future energy needs of the world on a continuing basis. This makes it one of the most promising of the unconventional energy sources

4. Project Background Problem associated with the use of solar energy is that its availability varies widely with time. The variation in availability occurs daily because of the :- -> D ay night cycle -> Seasonal To rectify these above problems the solar panel should be such that it always receive maximum intensity of light. T racking boost the energy gains of PV systems, by as much as 25 to 35 percent in some cases.

5. Solar Tracker Solar trackers are devices used to orient photovoltaic panels, reflectors, lenses or other optical devices toward the sun. Since the sun's position in the sky changes with the seasons and the time of day, trackers are used to align the collection system to maximize energy production. Solar trackers are of two types, single and dual axis trackers .

6. Dual Axis Tracker Dual axis trackers have two degrees of freedom that act as axes of rotation. These axes are typically normal to one another. Dual axis trackers allow for optimum solar energy levels due to their ability to follow the sun vertically and horizontally. Here we have divide sun position into five areas and those are EAST, WEST, NORTH, SOUTH, CENTER.

7. Circuit Diagram ARDUINO

8. Working Principle Two LDR’s (Light Dependent Resistor) LDR1 & LDR2 are connected to Analog pins of the Arduino. A solar plate is attached in parallel to the axis of the servo motor and both the sensors are kept on the solar plate. LDRs detect Sunlight and they send a signal to the Arduino, It will guide two Servo Motors to better place the solar panel to maximize its efficiency. The design & the arrangement is done in such a manner that the movement of the sun is from LDR1 to LDR2, as shown in the image below.

9. There are three cases that are to be followed:- Case 1 : Sun is in the left side. Light on LDR1 is high because the shadow of barrier falls on LDR2 so solar plate moves anticlockwise. Case 2 : Sun is in right Side. Light on LDR2 is high because the shadow of barrier falls on LDR1 so solar plate movie clockwise. Case 3 : Sun is in the Center. Light on both LDR’s is equal so, plate will not rotate in any direction.

10. Hardware Components Mini Solar Panel Servo Motor x2 Arduino Uno LDR sensor x2 Connecting Wires Switch Resistors 10K Ohm 5 to 12 Volt power Supply

11. Mini Solar Panel They have two types : Monocrystalline Polycrystalline We have chosen polycrystalline solar panel. Is simpler and cost less than monocrystalline Capacity : 5V 500mA Max power : 2.5W

12. Arduino Uno

13. Servo Motors They typically have a movement range of 180 deg but can go up to 210 deg. Operating speed : 0.3second/ 60 degree Operating voltage : 4.2V ~6V Here we are using two servo motors- One for Horizontal movement and another for Vertical movement.

14. LDR Sensor In the circuit two LDR (Light Dependent Resistors) sensors are used to sense the light. Since LDR is an analogue sensor they are connected to the analog pins A0 and A1 of Arduino. We connect both LDR from one terminal to the 5-volt and other terminals to the Ground Through 10k-ohm resistors in series.

15. Block Diagram LDR 1 LDR 2 ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER SERVO MOTOR SOLAR PANEL POWER SUPPLY

16. Advantages Simple Low cost Eco-Friendly We can monitor directly using PC Tracking accuracy is more Reduce the usage of power from power grid

17. Disadvantages Storage or complimentary power system is required. Limited power density. Must be converted to AC when used in currently existing distribution grids

18. Applications Large & medium scale power generations. Power generation at remote places. Domestic backup power systems. Solar street lighting system Water treatment technologies and solar heating.

19. Conclusion The proposed dual-axis solar tracking system will be reliable and accurate throughout the year and maximize the output power when compared to static system. It will be a good and competitive solution for the market place as it is expected to compete with more complex and expensive systems.

20. Future Scope Similar to this model, various changes can be made and can be implemented in schools, offices, etc. as a secondary source of energy. Street Lightning system can also be replaced by this tracking system which would store enough energy throughout the day and be used at night.

21. REFERENCES " Solar Tracker Robot using Microcontroller" by A.B. Afarulrazi, W. M. Utomo, K.L. Liew and M. Zarafi published in 2011 International Conference on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications https://www.researchgate.net/ https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ https://create.arduino.cc/ https://how2electronics.com/ https://www.grdjournals.com

22. THANK YOU