Area production and productivity of sugarcane

Production technology of sugarcane
Cultivation practice of sugarcane
Origin geographic distribution area production and productivity of sugarcane

1. Origin, geographic distribution, area ,production and productivity of sugarcane

2. Common name: Sugarcane Scientific name: Saccharum officinarum Chromosome no: 2n-80 Origin. : Newguniea Vernacular names: Noble cane,karumbu,Sakhara,karimbu,karimpu , Wild canes. : Saccharum spontaneum Saccharum robustum ( Saccharum is derived from a Greek word “ sacchron ” which means sugar or sweet substance.)

3. Two main group of sugarcane: Thin hardy North Indian type : Saccharum barberi (India) Saccharum sinensis Thick juicy Noble cane. : Saccharum officinarum (Noble cane –Thick , juicy,low fibre with high sucrose content )

4. Economic Importance: Important cash crop 62% sugar was met through sugarcane Mainly used for manufacturing of jaggery,sugar and byproduct – molasses,bressmud,bagasse Immature top portion used as cattle feed Average sugar recovery of 11% Bagasse used as fuel and for making paper Molasses used for preparing alcohol Pressmud used as green manure Trash for mulching and composting Human being roughly consume 24 kg sugar annually

5. Geographic distribution: In world – Brazil, India, China, Thailand, Pakistan, Mexico, Columbia, Australia, USA, Philippines In India -- Tropical region: Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh with an annual rainfall of 602 to 3640 mm. Subtropical region: Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand , Haryana, Punjab, Bihar with an annual rainfall of 180 to 2000 mm.

6. Area Production Productivity 4.4mha 306.1mt 69t/ha

7. Sugarcane production: India is the second largest producer of sugarcane in the world followed by Brazil.(18.8%) And also largest consumer of the world (15.93%) However the sugarcane productivity has increased from 41.0t/ha to 70t/ha . (Note: Sugarcane Breeding institute, Coimbatore and Indian institute of sugarcane research station, Lucknow .)

8. Soil and climate Sugarcane is a tropical plant but it grown in sub tropical region also. Suitable for all soil Except salt affected and compact soil . Altitude -36.7°N &31° S Msl . - 1000m

9. Rainfall: The average rainfall between 1100 to 1500mm in vegetative period and followed by a dry period It also grown in area where rainfall Is low upto 500 mm Above 1500 mm cause lodging of cane

10. Temperature: Tillering - 33.3° to 34.4° Root growth 36° Shoot growth 33° About 7-9 hours bright sunshine useful for both Active growth and ripening Wind velocity exceed 60km/hr leads to cane breakage

11. Season: TN: Early season –Dec to jan Mid season. --Feb to march Late season. –Apr to may Special season – june to july India Spring. -- Feb to mar ( suru in Maharashtra,Eksali in Ap & Gujarat) Autumn. -- Sep to Oct Adsali . -- July to Aug Late planting – beyound march

12. Seed Rate & spacing : Seed Rate – single budded setts 187,500 - two budded setts 75000 -three budded setts 50000 Row spacing may vary 0.9m to 1.5 m and 2.4m

13. Cont.... Sett treatment
select healthy setts for planting
The setts should be soaked in 100 litre of water dissolved with 50g carbendazium,200 ml malathion and 1kg urea for 15 min. Treat the sett with aerated steam @50° c for 1 hr to control 1° infection of grassy shoot.

14. Fertilizer: Apply 275 kg of nitrogen and 112.5 kg of K2O/ha in three equal splits at 30, 60 and 90 days in coastal and flow irrigated belts (assured water supply areas). In the case of lift irrigation belt, apply 225 kg of nitrogen and 112.5 kg of K2O/ha in three equal splits at 30, 60 and 90 days (water scarcity areas). For jaggery areas, apply 175 kg of nitrogen and 112.5 kg of K2O/ha in three equal splits on 30, 60 and 90 days.

15. Nutrient management: Zn deficiency - basal application of 37.5 kg/ha zinc sulphate Foliar spray of 0.5% Znso4 with 1%urea for 15 days interval. Fe deficiency –Basal application of Feso4 100kg /ha Foliar spray of 1%Feso4 with 1% urea for 15 days interval. Cu deficiency –Cuso4 5kg /ha as basal Foliar spray of 0.2% Cuso4 Twice @early stage Micronutrient deficiency can be corrected by application of TNAU mn mixture 50kg /ha as EFYM for higher cane yield

16. Weed management: Pre-emergence herbicide : Atrazine 2 kg or Oxyflurofen 750 ml/ha mixed in 600 liters of water as pre emergence herbicide on the 3 rd day of planting, using knapsack sprayer. Post-emergence herbicide: Gramaxone 2.5 lit + 2-4,D Sodium salt 2.5 lit/ha as directed spray on 21 DAP Post emergence directed application of fernoxone ( 2, 4 –D sodium salt) @ 2 gm + 10 gm of urea per liter of water may be sprayed over the creeper weeds.

17. Varieties: Co453,Co421,Co449,Co997,CoC671,Cosi776,Cosi6 Bo91,Bo109,Bo90,Bo102and 120 ,Co6304 Kanga durga,Revathi,krishna,Vishwamithra (Assam var )

18. Special practices: Detrashing : Remove the dry cane leaves on 150 th and 210 th day to avoid borer infestation. Propping: Do double line propping with trash twist at the age of 210 days of the crop. Earthing up : After application of 3 rd dose fertilizer (90 days), work victory plough along the ridges for efficient And economical earthing up. At 150 days after planting, earthing up may be done with spade.

19. Intercrop& Rotation Sugarcane is intercropped with pulses, vegetable, green manure Sugarcane+potato Sugarcane+Green gram Sugarcane+onion Sugarcane+Cowpea Sugarcane+Soyabean (Co1 suitable var yield 800kg/ha) Rotational Crop: Rice –potato-sugarcane-ratoon Rice –sugarcane- fingermillet Rice –sugarcane-ratoon

20. Pest and disease: Pest: Scales Termite Early shoot borer White flies Mealybug Disease: Root rot Red rot Wilt Grassy shoot disease

21. Harvest: Harvest the cane @ peak maturity.cut the cane to the ground level for both plant &ratoon crops. When the concentration exceeds 16% in the juice and 85% purity the cane is said to be matured.