ARTICULATORS

ARTICULATORS

1. A healthy smile is worthwhile GOOD MORNING ALL

2. ARTICULATORS Dr.SHARI.S.R II MDS GDC,TRIVANDRUM

3. Definit i on History Classificat i ons Various articu l ators Li m itations Ad v ant a ges Parts Require m ents Uses

4. A mechanical instrument that represents the temporomandibular joint and jaws, to which maxillary and mandibular casts may be attached to simulate some or all mandibular movements. (GPT- 9 ) ARTICULATOR

5. THE SLAB ARTICULATOR . The slab articulator devised by Philip Pfaff in 1756

6. THE FIRST MECHANICAL ARTICULATOR J B Garriot 1805 ‘Gariot Hinge Joint Articulator ’ Hinges with a set screw in the posterior

7. THE HOWARTH PL A STER ARTICUL A TOR 1 8 3 . Plaster articulators Two nested metal boxes held in position and the hinge movement was controlled with elastics

8. THE BARNDOOR HINGE ARTICULATOR Vertical stop at anterior end introduced

9. First to imitate mandibular movements –but not successful DANIEL T EVANS’ ARTICULATOR 1840

10. CHRISTENSEN’S ARTICULATOR o U se of a protrusive interocclusal wax record to measure the angle of the condylar paths

11. BONWILL ARTICULATOR 1858 Bonwills theory of occlusion NEW CENTURY ARTICULATOR George B Snow Adjustable condylar paths and tension spring ACME ARTICULATOR (1906) Straight condylar path Adjustable condylar inclination Provision for Bennett movement .

12. GYSI ADAPTABLE ARTICULATOR (1908) Extra oral tracings and particular condylar path plate

13. GYSI SIMPLEX - Alfred Gysi (1914) Condyles- lower member Condylar paths -inclined at 33°

14. MA X ILLOMANDIBULAR INSTRUMENT Monson(1918) Spherical theory

15. HAGMEN BALANCER 1925 Designed according to Monson’s Spherical theory. Functioning head- 4’’ above occlusal plane

16. HANAU MODEL H-110 1926 : Hanau Individual condylar guidance adjustments Lateral setting was calculated by : L=H/8+12 HANAU MODEL H-110 MODIFIED o Similar to H-110 except that it had an incisal guide table instead of incisal guide cup

17. GNATHOSCOPE McCollum (1939) Mandibular recorder Non arcon D esigned for use with the gnathograph , an extraoral device for tracing mandibular movements.

18. BERGSTORM ARTICULATOR Arcon instrument Hanau H had similar features A ccept facebow record, uses protrusive interocclusal record and has curved condylar guides.

19. TRANSOGRAPH ( 1952) Split axis instrument designed to allow each condylar axis to function independently of each other Depends on Hinge axis- adjustment NEY ARTICULATOR - (1962) Dr. A. J DePietro Fully adjustable Arcon . N o locking device between the upper and lower members for centric position . Gothic arch tracing

20. PURPOSES OF ARTICULATORS To simulate patient’s jaw movements

21. Pur p oses To hold the maxillary and mandibular casts in a determined fixed relationship To simulate the jaw movement like opening and closing . To produce border movements and intra border movements

22. Diagnosis, treatment planning and patient presentation in both the natural and artificial dentitions. To plan dental procedures To aid in the fabrication of dental restorations and lost dental parts. To correct and modify completed restorations. To arrange artificial teeth . USES

23. M uth is the best articulator

24. .. then why not use Patient’s saliva, tongue, and cheeks Shifting denture bases and resiliency of the supporting tissues Patient co-operation is not needed. Visualization (lingual) Less chair time

25. LIMITATIONS Error in tooling and errors resulting from metal fatigue and wear. Simulate but not duplicate the jaw movements. Movements simulated are empty mouth sliding motions, not functional movements. Errors in jaw relation reproduced as errors in denture occlusion.

26. BASIC REQUIREMENTS It should hold cast in correct horizontal and vertical relationship . Provide positive anterior vertical stop. Should accept facebow transfer record . Should open & close in a hinge movement. Made of non corrosive rigid materials. Shouldnot be bulky / heavy. Adequate space b/w upper & lower members. Moving parts move without any friction Non- moving parts should be rigid

27. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS The condylar guides should allow protrusive and lateral jaw motion. The condylar guides should be adjustable in a horizontal direction. The articulator should be adjustable to accept and alter the bennet movement. The incisal guide table should be customizable.

28. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THEORIES OF OCCLUSION TYPES OF INTEROCCLUSAL RECORD USED ABILITY TO SIMULATE JAW MOVEMENTS ADJUSTABILITY OF ARTICULATOR

29. Articulators based on geometric theories of mandibular movements Bonwill’s Equilateral theory Monson’s spherical theory Hall’s conical theory

30. Bonwill theory of occlusion 4 inch distance between condyles and each condyle and the incisor point Allows lateral movement and movements only in horizontal plane 4’’ 4’’

31. Conical theory: (R E HALL) Lower teeth move over surfaces of upper teeth as over surface of a cone generating an angle of 45° with the central axis of the cone tipped 45° to the occlusal plane. Hall’s automatic articulator

32. Hall’s Experimental Conical Theory Type

33. Spherical theory of occlusion G.S.Monson Surface of a sphere with diameter of 8 inches Monson’s maxillo mandibular articulator

34. Based on records Those utilizing the inter occlusal records Those using the graphic record adjustment Those utilizing hinge-axis location for adjusting the articulator.

35. BASED ON ABILITY TO SIMULATE THE JAW MOVEMENT At the international prosthodontic workshop on complete denture occlusion at the University of Michigan in 1972, the articulators classified based on instrument capability, intent, recording procedure record acceptance : Hinge Type : Arbitrary – type A, type B, type C Class I Class II Class III : Average -type A, type B C l ass IV : Spe c i a l – type A , ty p e B

36. CLASS I (Hinge Type) S imple articulator capable of accepting a single static registration . Only Vertical motion possible. Use in cases where a tentative jaw relation is done Example : Slab articulator, Hinge joint articulator (J.B. GARIOT), Barn door articulator, Gysi Simplex

37. Gysi Simplex

38. Class II Arbitrary Permit horizontal as well as vertical motion Class II- A Based on average value Will not accept a face bow transfer. Mean value articulators

39. Class II-B Based on arbitrary theories of motion Maxillo-mandibular instrument – Monson Hall articulator.

40. Class II - C Based on engraved records House articulator

41. Class III - Average Simulate condylar pathways Allow face bow transfer. Class III A Accept static protrusive registration : Hanau Model H, H2, Dentatus , Class III B Accept stat i c pr o tr u sive re g istra t i o n a nd some lateral registration Panadent, Hanau university series

42. Class III, TYPE B Accept a Static Lateral, protrusive interocclusal records + face- bow transfe r Exp. – Trubyte articulator Tripod articulator Ney articulator – Hanau (130-21) - (GYSI, 1926) – NON ARCON STANSBERRY (De Pietro , 1960) – ARCON (Richard Beu & James Janik .1964) - (Richard Beu ,1975) – ARCON - Robert Lee – ARCON Tele Dyne articulator Pandent articulator Denar Mark II Whipmix Case Articulator Simulator TMJ Mechanical fossa Instrument

43. Ney’s Articulator

44. Stansbery “Tripod” Articulator

45. Class IV Accept three dimensional dynamic registrations. Class IV- A Condylar path - engraving registrations TMJ articulator Class IV - B Condylar pathways - selectively angled and customized by selection from variety of curvatures/ modification/both . Gnathoscope, Denar, Simulator .

46. TMJ articulator

47. Based on adjustability (Rihani A ) Non-adjustable Semi-adjustable Fully adjustable Rihani A, Classification of articulator, J Prosthet Dent, 1980;43:344 – 347

48. NON – ADJUSTABLE ARTICULATOR Can open and close in a fixed horizontal axis . Have a fixed condylar path . The incisal pins ride on an inclined plate in a fixed inclination . A class I articulator is a nonadjustable articulator

49. SEMI ADJUSTABLE ARTICULATORS Adjustable condylar and incisal guides Capable of accepting face bow record. Adjustable condylar paths, incisal guide tables and inter condylar distances . The degree and ease of these adjustments differ. Arc o n Non-arcon BERGSTORM

50. Arcon articulators ‘Arcon’ - Ar ticulator and Con dyle. Bergstrom Condylar element - lower member Condylar guidance - upper member  mechanical analog of glenoid fossa. Advantages Whip mix Hanau university series

51. Non-arcon articulators Reverse of Temporomandibular joint. Some examples include Hanau H series, Dentatus and Gysi .

52. Heinz O Beck et al in 1959 Evaluated the arcon concept of articulation and concluded that no definite superiority could be noted in the clinical evaluation of complete dentures constructed on the arcon over the condylar type of instruments

53. Lawrence A. Weinberg et al in 1963 Concluded that both the arcon & condylar instruments produce the same motion because condylar guidance is the result of the interaction of a condylar ball on an inclined plane. The only change is in the numbers used to record the inclination Lawrence A Weinberg et al,Arcon principle in the condylar mechanism of adjustable articulators,J Prosthet Dent,1963; 13(2):263–268

54. Gysi adjustable Articulator

55. Fully adjustable articulators Allows mandibular movement in all directions Instead of condylar guidance , receptacles in which acrylic dough can be contoured to form a customized condylar and incisal guidance Stuart instrument Gnathoscope, Simulator

56. Denar D 4A

57. Gnathoscope

58. S imul a t o r

59. OTHER CLASSIFICATIONS Gillis (1926) The adaptable or adjustable type The average or fixed type. Beck (1962) Suspension instrument Axis instrument Tripod instrument

60. POSSELT (1968) Plain line or simple hinge. Mean value types Adjustable types: Semi adjustable : Posterior control mechanisms- set by interocclusal positional records e.g. Hanau, Dentatus . Fully adjustable : set by 3 dimensional pantographs e.g. Denar .

61. Sharry ( 1974 ) Simple Hinge type Fixed guide type Adjustable .

62. C.J. Thomas (1973 ) Arbitrary – Not adjustable Positional Functional

63. BASIC COMPONENT OF AN ARTICULATOR Condylar track Condylar element Vertical Rod (Incisal Pin) Incisal guide table Upper member Lower member – Represent maxilla – Represent mandible

64. SOME COMMONLY USED ARTICULATOR Mean-Value Articulator Hanau wide VUE articulator Whip – mix articulator Denar articulator Dentatus SAM Articulators TMJ articulator

65. MEAN-VALUE ARTICULATOR

66. The parts of mean value articulator UPPER MEMBER, LOWER MEMBER , INSICAL TABLE, VERTICAL RODS, CONDYLAR GUIDANCE ,

67. Why is a mean value articulator called so? Because it has 3 fixed mean values I ntercondylar distance- 10 to 11cm C ondylar guidance- 33degrees I ncisal guidance- 9-12degrees

68. Upper member Triangular frame Vertical Rod with thumb screw. Two Condylar elements

69. Lower Member L Shaped frame with horizontal and vertical arm. Horizontal arm is triangular and its apex contains incisal guide table . Vertical arm is rectangular containing condylar guidance slot at upper portion.

70. Incisal guide table Contain very short cylinder whose upper surface is concave. Vertical Rod should rest on the center of the incisal guide table during articulation.

71. Condylar guidance Represent by a slot ( condylar track) Condylar element of upper member passes through this track. A spring is mounted within this track to stabilise t he condylar element.

72. He l ps t o ke e p a Vertical Rod or Incisal Pin fixed distance between the upper & lower member at anterior end. The pointed tip of vertical rod should rest on the center of incisal guide during articulation.

73. Incisal guide pin Present at the mid point of vertical rod . The incisal edge of the maxillar y incisors at the mid line of the occlusal rim should touch the tip of incisal pin during articulation. It present the anterior reference point.

74. Hanau – Mean Value articulator

75. HANAU ARTICULATOR Hanau wide VUE articulator. Hanau wide VUE II articulator Hanau H2 articulator Hanau modular system Hanau R a dial shift

76. Basic Parts of Hanau Articulator Upper Member* Lower Member* Condylar Guide(Right) Condylar Guide(Left) Spring Pin* Condyle Shaft Condyle Element Adjustable IncisalGuide IncisalGuidePin Thumbnut Thumbscrew Thumbscrew Spring Swing Stop Maxillary Orbital Indicator Assembly(20-23) SetScrew Thumbscrew 18 Pin*(4) 19 MountingPlatePair 20. Thumbnut 21 Screw 22 OrbitaleGauge 23 Stud

77. WHIP-MIX ARTICULATOR Designed by Dr. Charles Stuart 1963. It is an arcon articulator. Model.no: 8500 The upper & lower member are mechanically attached by means of a spring latch assembly. The inter condylar distance can be adjusted . Small (S) – 96 mm Medium (M)–110mm Large (L) – 124 mm . Two Different face-bows can utilised Quick mount or earpiece face-bow for complete denture. Kinematic.

78. Whip mix 8500 Series Ar t icul a t or

79. MODIFICATIONS OF WHIPMIX Model 8800 provides an additional ½ inches space to mount the maxillary cast M odel 9000 - the lower frame is ½ inches taller to provide more space for mounting the mandibular cast. Model 9800 is combines the upper frame of model 8800 with the lower frame of model 9000 to provide the greatest distance between the upper & lower frames. Model 8340 assure that cast can be interchanged between any model 8340 articulator without loss of accuracy.

80. DENAR ARTICULATORS Introduced by Niles.Guichet-1968 Arcon type Latest series is D5A

81. Denar® Mark II Articul a t or

82. OMNI It is a newest Denar articulator. The design allow one to easily exchange closed fossa for open fossa with a positive locking latch. The purpose of this model is an attempt to better meet the requirments for complete denture, removable & fixed partial denture fabrication in one articulator.

83. DE N AR OMNI TRACK

84. DENTATUS ARTICULATOR Introduced in sweden in 1944. All models are axel type with closed condylar tracks. It has a unique gauge blocks . Non arcon . The condylar path is straight. The intercondylar distance is fixed. Models :ARH,ARL,ARS,ARD.

85. TMJ ARTICULATOR Designed by (1965) Kenneth Swanson. The articulator has a spring loaded latch to help return the upper frame to the centric relation position. Small version of the articulator is available & is called the mini articulator.

86. SAM articulators High precision German articulator. Three interchangeable condylar housings with different curvatures of superior wall. It has a unique incisal table attached to upper member

87. SELECTION OF AN ARTICULATOR FOR FABRICATING COMPLETE DENTURES One should not used too complex instruments for a simpl e case or too simple articulator for a complex case. The important procedure in CD fabrication is the accuracy of the interocclusal record. Extremely difficult to obtain graphic records-fully adjustable articulator use is complex here. Simple hinge articulator is not useful-it cannot accept eccentric interocclusal records. B/w the extremes semi adjustable articulator –accept facebow,interocclusal record,adjustable condylar guidances

88. SELECTION OF AN ARTICULATOR FOR FIXED PROSTHODONTICS. For most routine fixed prosthesis cases – Semi adjustable arcon articulators used Extensive treatment requring reconstruction of entire occlusion needs- Fully adjustable articulator

89. RECENT ADVANCES IN ARTICULATORS PLASTER LESS ARTICULATORS “VIVIDENT” introduced arcon plasterless articulators. ADVANTAGES: To mount casts without plaster in less than 2 minutes. It saves time and labour Avoids messy benches.

90. DISPOSABLE CROWN AND BRIDGE ARTICULATORS No plaster needed. Light weight; Allows lateral and protrusive movements. Made of heavy duty plastic. Great centric occlusion

91. VIRTUAL ARTICULATORS SZENTPETERY: First virtual dental articulator. Fully adjustable 3- dimensional virtual articulator. KORDASS AND GARTNER : This system uses ( JMA )-to record the mandibular movement & generates an animation of jaw movement . UNIVERSITY OF THE BASQUE COUNTRY: The mechanical articulator is reverse engineered and scanned via a cad system & virtual articulation is done. J clin diagn res.2014 july:8(7)

92. ARTICULATOR CARE & MAINTENANCE CLEANING: Use mild soap& water with a brush. Air dry and lubricate. Don’t use strong detergents alkalies,gasoline,naphtha . LUBRICATION: Use sewing machine oil /high speed handpiece oil. Wipe off excess oil to prevent accumilations of dust. Thin coating of petrolatum jelly applied on articulator surfaces that contact gypsum. STORAGE: Clean dry atmosphere free of plaster and carborundum dust. Away from acids , alkalies ,/corrosive medicaments. Wait a full day after mounting cast before storing articulator in carrying case.

93. CONCLUSION “It must be recognised that the person operating the instrument is more important than the instrument.If dentists understand articulators and their deficiencies,they can compensate for their inherent adequacies” -Carl O Boucher.

94. REFERENCES Bouchers prosthetic Treatment for edentulous patient 9 th edition Heartwell cm,jr,rahn Ao:Textbook of complete dentures Rihamani”Classificationof articulators 1980;43:344-47. Winkler sheldon:Essentials of complete denture prosthodontics. Heinz .o .beck et all.Selection of an articulator and jaw registrations-J prosthet dent,.vol10 issue5 1960.

95. THANKYOU