Articulatory process

1. Some others theories in Phonetic and Phonology Articulatory Process

2. Assimilation a phonological process in which a speech sound changes and becomes more like or identical to another sound that precedes or follows it. For example, in English the negative PREFIX appears as im - before words beginning with a bilabial stop (e.g. possible:impossible ) but as in- before words beginning with an alveolar stop (e.g. tolerant:intolerant ).

3. Kinds of assimilation Regressive assimilation Assimilation in which a following sound brings about a change in a preceding one For example, the rounding of the lips during /s/ in swim is due to the anticipation of the lip action required for /w /. Progressive assimilation Assimilation in which a preceding sound brings about a change in a following one For example , the difference between the /s/ in words like cats and the /z/ in dogs and the difference between the final /t/ in dropped and the final / d/ in praised are examples of progressive assimilation because the final sound (/s/ or /z/, /t/ or /d/) depends on whether the preceding consonant is voiced or not.

4. Dissimilation The opposite of assimilation, result in two sounds becoming less alike in articulatory or acoustic terms. The resulting sequence of sounds is easier to articulate and distinguish. For example: fifth / fif θ s/ – ( fts ) sixth - sixt surprise - supprise

5. Deletion A process that removes a segment from certain phonetic contexts. deletion occurs in everyday rapid speech in many languages. in English, a schwa ( ə) is often deleted when the next vowel in the word is stressed. e.g. deletion of (ə) in English Slow Speech Rapid Speech [ pəréɪd ] [p ŗéɪ d] parade [ səpəˊʊz ] [ spəˊʊz ] suppose

6. Epenthesis A process that inserts a syllabic or non-syllabic segment within an existing string of segment. for example: word Non-Epenthesis Pr Epenthesis Pron Something [ s ʌm θ ɪŋ ] [ s ʌmp θ ɪŋ ] Warmth [ w ɔ:m θ ] [ w ɔ:mp θ ] Tenth [ten θ ] [tent θ ]

7. Metathesis A process that recorders a sequence of segment. Metathesis often results in a sequence of phones that is easier to articulate. for example: prescribe – perscribe . spaghetti – pesghetti .