ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATON

The introduction of the semen into the vagina, cervical canal or uterus of the female by artificial methods is called Artificial insemination.

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2. ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATON T he introduction of the semen into the vagina, cervical canal or uterus of the female by artificial methods is called Artificial insemination.

3. Infertility cases either due to inability of the male partner to inseminate the female or due to very low sperm count in ejaculates , could be corrected by Artificial insemination.

4. It is done only when the husband has the following defects; Premature ejaculation a zoospermia Painful sexual intercourse on the part of woman Inability to deposit semen into the vagina Inability of spermatozoa to gain entry into uterus Occurrence of urinary opening at under surface of the penis ( hypospadias )

5. Artifi cial insemination by husband (AIH) Women are artificially inseminated with husband`s sperm are called AIH. Artificial insemination by donor(AID) Women are artificially inseminated with donor`s sperm

6. Before AI the potential donors are carefully screened for Health Fertility Infectious diseases Any history of genetic diseases in their family Usually the donors are matched to the male partner for Race Height Skin, Eye colouring Body build, Blood group

7. AI technique is simple The sperm are deposited with the help of syringe or small plastic tube in the women`s vagina or cervix at the appropriate time of the menstrual cycle In order to maximize the chances of success, t he woman receiving the treatment is asked to keep a temperature chart to predict the ovulation date, Clomiphene may be used to promote ovulation.

8. Compared with the natural insemination AI is more expensive m ore invasive r equire professional assistance

9. PRESERVATION AND STORAGE The collected semen is allowed to liquefy at room temperature. It is washed in a modified culture medium. The semen is centrifuged , and the supernatant discarded. The intact pellet is re-suspended in cultural medium. After centrifugation the washed spermatozoa are incubated in cultural medium at 373 `C for 60 to 90 minutes and the sample is taken from the surface which contains most active spermatozoa.

10. If the sperm has to be stored for a long time then the deep freeze method is adopted. Frozen sperm can be preserved for years and can be transported to any part of the world. Here the sperm is stored at ultra storage temperature -196`C in liquid nitrogen in a state of suspended animation. The sperm is kept in PVC straws or vials that contain a suitable cryoprotectant like glycerol. Today there are several such sperm banks all over the world with frozen ejaculates for sale.

11. SURROGACY it is the method or agreement whereby a woman agrees to carry a pregnancy for another person. It is the condition in which uterus is absent or non functional. The egg from the female partner may be subjected to IVF , by using sperm from the husband. Fertilized egg may be transferred to a surrogate mother for the period of pregnancy. There are laws in some countries which restrict and regulate surrogacy and it’s consequence.

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