ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ROBOTICS

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area of computer science that emphasizes the creation of intelligent machines that work and react like humans.

1. Artificial Intelligence And Robotics

2. Group member ABHISHEK SWEWTA AKSHAY VERMA KAPOOR JINDAL

3. • INTRODUCTION • HISTORY • GOALS • APPLICATIONS • ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES • FUTURE SCOPES CONTENTS

4. Obvious question What is AI? Programs that behave externally like humans? Programs that operate internally as humans do? Computational systems that behave intelligently? Rational behavior?

5. ARTIFICIAL/ MACHINE ARTIFICIAL INTELIGENCE INTELIGENCE Intelligence: “The capacity to learn and solve problems” Artificial Intelligence: Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence by machines. • The ability to solve problems • The ability to act rationally • The ability to act like humans

6. EARLY HISTORY OF A.I Human beings are intelligent To be called intelligent, a machine must produce responses that are indistinguishable from those of a human

7. 8 P rogram has common sense if it automatically deduces for itself our ultimate objective is to make programs that learn from their experience as effectively as humans do.  HISTORY

8. The overall research goal of artificial intelligence is to create technology that allows computers and machines to function in an intelligent manner

9.  The overall research goal of artificial intelligence is to create technology that allows computers and machines to function in an intelligent manner. The general problem of simulating (or creating) intelligence has been broken down into sub-problems.

10. Reasoning, problem solving  :  R esearchers developed algorithms that imitated step-by-step reasoning that humans use when they solve puzzles or make logical deductions. Knowledge representation  :  Knowledge representation and knowledge engineering are central to AI research. Many of the problems machines are expected to solve will require extensive knowledge about the world .

11. Planning  :  Intelligent agents must be able to set goals and achieve them. This calls for an agent that can not only assess its environment and make predictions, but also evaluate its predictions and adapt based on its assessment. Learning  :  Machine learning, a fundamental concept of AI research since the field’s inception, is the study of computer algorithms that improve automatically through experience. Unsupervised learning is the ability to find patterns in a stream of input. S ocial intelligence   :  Affective computing is the study and development of systems that can recognize, interpret, process, and simulate human  affects. Creativity   :  A sub-field of AI addresses creativity both theoretically and practically . General intelligence  :  Many researchers think that their work will eventually be incorporated into a machine with artificial general intelligence, combining all the skills mentioned above and even exceeding human ability in most or all these areas.

12. Applications of artificial intelligence

13. 17 Powerful Examples Of AI  Artificial intelligence as become a crucial part of daily human lives today and it assists in almost every scenario whether you realize it or not Automated customer support

14. 18 Personalized shopping experience The  online shopping platform you use collects and stores lots of information about your usage — whether you like it or not. Healthcare Intelligence h ealthcare ,   artificial intelligence  has already proved to be a game-changer, improving every part of the industry virtually.

15. 19 Finance Collaboration of finance industry  and  artificial intelligence  is a perfect match. Smart cars and drones When  it comes to  AI  applications, you can hardly get a more prominent and better demonstration of the technology than what smart cars, as well as drone manufacturers, are accomplishing with it.

16. 20  Security and surveillance Social media Travel and navigation Smart home devices AI

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18. 23 The positive impact AI research can have on humanity will start to be across many walks of life -much of it behind the scenes Improved speech, voice, image video recognition will change the way interact with our

19. AI has demonstrated unprecedented growth. Sophia the AI Robot, is the quintessential Improved speech, voice, image video recognition will change the way interact with our devices Personal assistants will become more personal and context aware More and more systems will run autonomously to a point

20. Robotics

21. Definition of robotics Robotics’ relevance to AI Current developments in the field Current implementations Past successes in robotics Roadblocks to robotics research Future of robotics Presentation Overview

22. Definition of Robotics A robot is… “An active artificial agent whose environment is the physical world” --Russell and Norvig “A programmable, multifunction manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools or specific devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks” --Robot Institute of America

23. Relevance to Artificial Intelligence Effectors Sensors Architecture Integration of various inputs Hierarchy of information representation Emotions

24. Effector vs. Actuator Degrees of freedom ( d.f. ) 6 d.f. for free body in space Locomotion Statically stable vs. Dynamically stable Manipulation Rotary vs. Prismatic motion End Effector Effectors Four-finger Utah/MIT hand

25. Sensors Force-sensing Tactile-sensing Sonar Visual (camera) Proprioceptive Robot with camera attached

26. Architecture Classical architecture shortcomings Behavior-based architecture Sensors Reason about behavior of objects Identify objects Build maps Avoid objects Actuators Design for a behavior-based mobile robot (adapted from Fig 25.10 in AIMA )

27. Current Developments Emotions Energy-efficiency Integration Hierarchy of information representation Control structures Synthesis of neural nets and fuzzy logic Robotic surgery Telepresence Robot perception Face and object recognition

28. Importance of Emotions Emotions help prevent people from repeating their mistakes (decisions that resulted in negative feelings) Recognizing emotions would allow robots to become more responsive to users’ needs Exhibiting emotions would help robots interact with humans

29. Affective Research: Kismet Decides proper emotional response to stimuli and exhibits corresponding facial expression, body posture, and vocal quality Behavioral response serves either social or self-maintenance functions Kismet smiling

30. Energy-Efficiency: Seaglider Small electric pump transfers 100cm 3 of oil from an external bladder to its reservoir, making Seaglider dense enough to sink To dive, small motor pushes battery pack into nose Process is reversed to ascend Seaglider’s diving process

31. Current Implementation Industrial robots used in factories to manufacture boxes and pack and wrap merchandise Car manufacturers own 50% of today’s robots Robots used in hazardous situations Nuclear power plants Response to bomb threat Outer space exploration Robotic arm arranging chocolates

32. Current Implementation: Asimo Honda’s Asimo (Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility) Able to walk freely (can change stride speed) Able to balance on one foot Able to climb stairs Able to manipulate objects Space- & cost-efficient Honda’s Asimo

33. Asimo’s Recognition Technology Based on visual cues such as the angle and distance at which it perceives an object Can map an object's contour and compare it to a database of prototypes for different expressions and actions Is currently limited to pre-registered people ASIMO making measurements

34. Problems Sensing Vision Mobility Design Control Reasoning

35. Problems Sensing Cost of tactile sensors very high Range Limits Light – 2 meters Required(factory) – 10 meters Vision Two methods Corner recognition Edge recognition Overlap of objects Visibility of local features

36. Problems Control Simulation is not accurate to real world interaction Based on mathematical and numerical computations Reasoning AI (an essential component of robotics) has slowly been introduced into industrial world Further refinement in this field before faster progress of robotics

37. Future of Robotics Downsizing Reduction in power needs and size Synergism Greater integration of technologies Greater intelligence More user-friendly interface More environmentally friendly Robots easy to disassemble and destroy Easily reusable or degradable parts

38. Future of Robotics Design robots to recognize presence, posture, and gaze Develop viable social exchange between robots and humans Design systems that can learn via reinforcement

39. 44 THANKS! Any questions? You can find me at: a [email protected]