Asessment of Speech disorder.pptx9999999

Speech

1. Asessment of Speech disorder DR/ NAGWAIBRAHIM ASSISTANT PROFESSOR CAIRO UNIVERSITY CODE: 603 Dr. Doaa mohammed maostafa Dr. Naef Dr. Naglaa mohammed Radwan Dr. Abd El Rahman Dr. Takwa

2. Definition of Speech Speech is the communication of meanings by means of symbols, which usually take the form of spoken or written words. PM, Speech to be done, it has many processes in the brain to be able to form a clear understandable sentence. If some area is affected due to injury or trauma, this will cause speech disorder. Mechanisms of Speech : 1. Central Mechanisms: Depending on the integration of the higher brain centers for symbolization (speech centers), mainly in the dominant hemisphere. Lesion leads to Dysphasia or Aphasia. 2. Peripheral Mechanisms: They are two stages: articulation and phonation

3. A. Articulation: Lesion leads to Dysarthria or Anarthria. B. Phonation: Lesion leads to Dysphonia or Aphonia. Phonation in vocal cords: (dysphonia and aphonia) Formulation:(aphasia and dysphasia) Articulation: (dysarthria) Aphonia ▪︎Phonation is lost but articulation is preserved ▪︎The patient talks in whisper Types and Causes: Hysterical (can phonate when coughing) B. Organic 1. Bilateral paralysis of the vocal cords 2. Diseases of larynx 3. Paresis of respiratory movements 4. Spastic dysphonia 5. Glottis spasm

4. Dysarthria •The problem in articulation Types and Causes: 1. LMN (flaccid) Dysarthria-Soft, low-pitched, nasal voicing is characteristic. -Due to weakness of articulatory muscles. -Caused by myopathies, myasthenia gravis and lower motor neuron disease. 2. UMN (spastic) Dysarthria-Speech is typically strained, slow, and monotonic. -Caused by bilateral upper motor neuron lesions compromising the corticobulbar tracts .