Ashudha and Apakva bhasma sevana vikara.pptx

The Process of Subjecting the metallic & mineral drugs for different pharmaceutical procedures using wide range of herbal formulations(swarasa, kwatha etc) and later subjecting them to intense heat to obtain them in the form of bhasma is called Marana(incineration)
MARANA= to kill.. Here the drug particle becomes so fine that they are rendered fit for absorption by living body
Acc to RRS 10/49 Puta causes laghutwa in Bhasma , because of this guna it quickly absorbs and spreads all over the body.
The bhasma pareeksha’s are considered as quality control parameters of Bhasma. If Bhasma passes these pareeksha indicates it is safe, effective and fit for administration.
Classical Parameters of Bhasma Pariksha
1. Varna 6. Nirutthikarana
2. Rekhapurnatva 7. Nirdhoom
3. Varitara 8. Nishchandrikarana
4. Unnama 9. Apunarbhava
5. Amladadhi pareeksha 10. Avami
11.Dantagre kachakachabha
The Bhasmas which pass these tests (parikshas) are considered to be Pakva Bhasma whereas those that do not pass these tests are considered as apakwa bhasma
Advantages of Bhasma
अल्पमात्रोपयोगित्वादरुचेप्रसन्गतः।
क्षिप्रमारोग्यदायित्वादौषधोभ्यो$धिको रसः॥ (RRS – 1/4; 28/1)
The main advantages of Bhasma are Potent in Small doses , Does not have any specific taste , act quickly ,available as very fine particles (nanosize), have good stability as compared to other dosage forms.
Administration of ashudha Bhasma and Apakwa bhasma
i.e, due to improper shodhana/purification or no shodhana/not purified at all
and apakva i.e due to imporper incineration leads to Disorders or Diseases.
Classics of Ayurvedic Rasa Shastra have given specific line of management for alleviation of such conditions elaborately. They have given various antidotes (Shanti upayas) like Goksheera, Sita, and Haritaki etc for the management of such complications arising out of improperly processed bhasmas. Comparative similar things could be observed in the cases of heavy metal poisoning and its management.

1. ASHUDDHA AND APAKWA BHASMA SEVANA VIKARA AND ITS MANAGEMENT BY : DR.V. SRIKANTH FIRST YEAR PG SCHOLAR RSBK DEPARTMENT Dr.NRS GOVT AYURVEDIC COLLEGE VIJAYAWADA

2. DERIVATION BHASMA BHAS + SMA “BHAS”: SHINE / LUSTER “SMA”: INDICATES PAST TENSE BHASMA MEANS ‘ SHINING IN THE PAST ’ OR “ ONE WHICH HAS LOST THE LUSTER ” A Bhasma means an ash obtained through incineration Ashuddha - Means apavitra , akruta and ashouchayuktam . Apakwa - N a pachyate , P akwa binna

3. INTRODUCTION Knowledge of use of metals, minerals was seen since ancient period in Indian. After the resolution of Rasashastra , many pharmaceutical procedures were chronologically developed for process/ conversion of the naturally available therapeutically effective Metals, Minerals, Marine products, Gemstones, Animal products for internal administration. Naturally available drugs are not indicated therapeutically because of inorganic nature and heterogeneity. So conversion of drugs is needed to get drug into organic form, homogeneity, reduction of alkalinity and also nullification of poisonous effect of drug. Bhasmas are unique preparations prepared from minerals & metals through multiple processings ( Samskaras ) like Shodhana , Marana, Lohiteekarana etc

4. MARANA शॊधितान् लॊहधात्वादीं विमर्ध्यं स्वरसादिभिः l अग्निसंयॊगतॊ भस्मीकरणं मारणं स्मृतम् ll ( Paribhash Prabandh ) The Process of Subjecting the metallic & mineral drugs for different pharmaceutical procedures using wide range of herbal formulations( swarasa , kwatha etc) and later subjecting them to intense heat to obtain them in the form of bhasma is called Marana(incineration) MARANA= to kill.. Here the drug particle becomes so fine that they are rendered fit for absorption by living body Acc to RRS 10/49 Puta causes laghutwa in Bhasma , because of this guna it quickly absorbs and spreads all over the body.

5. Bhasma Pareeksha The bhasma pareeksha’s are considered as quality control parameters of Bhasma . If Bhasma passes these pareeksha indicates it is safe, effective and fit for administration. Classical Parameters of Bhasma Pariksha 1. Varna 6. Nirutthikarana 2. Rekhapurnatva 7. Nirdhoom 3. Varitara 8. Nishchandrikarana 4. Unnama 9. Apunarbhava 5. Amladadhi pareeksha 10. Avami 11.Dantagre kachakachabha The Bhasmas which pass these tests ( parikshas ) are considered to be Pakva Bhasma whereas those that do not pass these tests are considered as apakwa bhasma

6. Advantages of Bhasma अल्पमात्रोपयोगित्वादरुचेप्रसन्गतः। क्षिप्रमारोग्यदायित्वादौषधोभ्यो$धिको रसः॥ ( RRS – 1/4; 28/1) The main advantages of Bhasma are Potent in Small doses , Does not have any specific taste , act quickly ,available as very fine particles ( nanosize ), have good stability as compared to other dosage forms. Administration of ashudha Bhasma and Apakwa bhasma i.e, due to improper shodhana /purification or no shodhana /not purified at all and apakva i.e due to imporper incineration leads to Disorders or Diseases. Classics of Ayurvedic Rasa Shastra have given specific line of management for alleviation of such conditions elaborately. They have given various antidotes ( Shanti upayas ) like Goksheera , Sita , and Haritaki etc for the management of such complications arising out of improperly processed bhasmas . Comparative similar things could be observed in the cases of heavy metal poisoning and its management.

7. BHASMA ASUDHA BHASMAJANYA VIKARA APAKWA BHASMA SEVANA VIKARA MANAGEMENT PARADA Bhumija – kusta Girija -- jadyata Jalaja -- vata roga Nagaja -- unmada Vangaja -- mahasularoga kusta 1.Suddha Gandhaka + Godugdha + Gogrutha with S .Q. of Nagavalli Swarasa for 2 to 4 days 2.Root of karavellaka churna with jala for 4 days.

8. Parada dosha and their influence over body PARADA DOSHA CAUSES / VIKARA Visha / garala dosha Mrutyu / marana (death) 2. Vahni / Agni dosha Santapa 3. Mala dosha Jadya (heaviness) 4. Naga dosha Vrana (wound) 5. Vanga dosha Kustha (skin diseases) 6. Chapalya dosha Sukrakshaya (depletion of sukra ) 7. Giri dosha Sphota (boils over skin) 8. Asahyagni dosha Moha ( delirium) To counteract the health complications seen due to consumption of improperly purified P arada or improperly incinerated parada The SUDDHA GANDHAKA + GODUGDHA+GHRITA is administered in suitable dosage along with NAGAVALLI SWARASA for few days until the complicatons are mitigated.

9. ASUDHA ABHRAKA SEVANA Ashudha Pinaka abraka causes Naga Abhraka constipation leads to death kushta Mandala kusta / maha kusta and vata vyadi Bhagandara Asmari MANDUKA ABHRAKA P rameha udara roga Ashmari roga bhagandara Arshas Grahani

10. ASUDHA ABHRAKA BHASMA APAKWA ABHRAKA BHASMA Hrtparswa Pida (Pain In The Cardiac Region And Flanks ) Sopha ( Oedema ), Ksaya (Tuberculosis), Pandu ( Anaemia ), Kusta ( skin diseases) Mandagni ( Loss of appetite ) Ayuksheena Consumption of it is as lethal /harmful as VISHA VAJRA SASTRA AGNI Manda anala ( loss of appetite ) Meha causes Chidrodara and kills the person CHANDRIKA YUKTA BHASMA may leads to DEATH MANAGEMENT 1. Rub Atasi beeja in jala and Given for drinking . 2 . Rub Amlaki phala in water& given for drinking for3days .

11. BHASMA ASUDHA & APAKVA BHASMA SEVANA VIKARA / DOSHA MANAGEMENT Vaikranta (Tourmaline) Daha ( Burningsensation in the body ) Parshwa shoola ( Pain in the epigastric or flanks) Pandu ( Anaemia ) Lakshanika Chikitsa OR Roga Chikitsa Makshika (copper pyrite) CuFeS2 Ashuddha Bhasma Agnimandya kushta Netra roga Halimaka Apakwa Bhasma Andhatwa Kshya roga Krimi roga Kusta Kulattha Kwatha, Or Dadima Twak Kwatha Daily until symptoms comes down

12. BHASMA ASUDHA & APAKVA BHASMA SEVANA VIKARA / DOSHA MANAGEMENT Vimala (iron Pyrite FeS3 ) Toxicity symptoms may appear due to Ashuddha or Apakva bhasma sevana Mesasrungi Churna with Sharkara for 3 days or until the toxic symptoms come down. Silajatu (Black bitumen) Daha (Burning sensation ) Murccha (LOC ) Bhrama (Giddiness ) Raktapitta Sosha ( Kshya ) Agnimandya Maricha churna + Ghrita for 7 days.

13. BHASMA ASUDHA & APAKVA BHASMA SEVANA VIKARA / DOSHA MANAGEMENT SASYAKA / Tuttha Copper Sulphate CuSO4 VANTI Vomiting BRANTHI Giddiness Jambira / nimbu rasa or laaja manda for 3 days. KHARPARA (RASAKA) (Zinc Oxide ZnO ) VANTHI Vomiting BRANTHI Giddiness Gomutra sevana for 1 week.

14. BHASMA ASUDHA & APAKVA BHASMA SEVANA VIKARA / DOSHA MANAGEMENT Gandhaka (Sulphur) KUSTA Skin diseases TAPA Increase Inbody Temperature , BRAMA Giddiness RUPA & VIRYA BALA NIHANTI Pitta Dosha Vikara ACC TO R.T 8/5-6 Rise Body Tempeture Citta-vyakulata (Delirium) Rakta Vikara Janya Roga (Diseases Of Pitta & Rakta) Godugdha + Gogrutha Until The Toxicity Symptoms Come Down)

15. Haratala (Arsenic Trisulfide As2S3) Ashuddha Bhasma Ayunashta Mrityu Kapha roga Vata roga Jwara Daha Sphota Snaayu sankocha / anga sankocha kushta Rakta dushti Kshoba Kampa Toda Apakwa Bhasma Vata kapha prakopa kushta Tapa Anga sankocha R uja 1.Kushmanda swarsa along with sita (sugar) and jeeraka churna for 3 days. 2 .Shadguna balijarita rasa sindhoora in dosage of 2 ratti for 7 days with madhu , sitophaladi churna . TREATMENT

16. Ashuddha and Apakwa Bhasma sevana janya vikara and management of MANAHSHILA Arsenic disulphide : As2S2 Mutrakricha (Painful Micturition) Mandagni ( Loss Of Appetite) Malabanda (Constipation) Mutrasmari (Urinary Calculi ) Twacha Sundarta Nashta Balahani M anagement Ashmari Hridroga 1.Godugdha With Madhu For 3days . 2.Shadguna Balijarita Rasa Sindhoora In Dosage of 2 Ratti For 7 Days With Madhu,sitophaladi Churna Or Any Other Anupana .

17. Ashuddha and Apakwa Bhasma sevana janya vikara and management of KANKUSTHA (Rhubarb) Toxicity Symptoms may occur Severe Virecana Dehydration MANAGEMENT Babbula Mula Kwatha With Jeeraka Churna & Suddha Tankana Churna Until Symptoms Come Down

18. BHASMA Ashuddha and Apakwa Bhasma seavana janya vikara MANAGEMENT Gouri Pasana (Arsenic trioxide ; As2O3) Toxicity symptoms May be Vikaras / doshas similar to consumption of apakwa & asudha Bhasma of HARATALA 1.Milk+Ghee+sugar 2.Butter+sugar+tila churna , 3.bitter gourd juice, 4.tankana jala sevana Hingula (Cinnabar: Redsulphide Mercury ; HgS ) Moha ( Psycosis ) Prameha Citta Vibrama (Delirium ) Andhatva (Darkness Before Eyes ) Klama (Tiredness ) Sareera Ksheenata (Emaciation ) Klaibya (RT9/11, Ay.Pr 2/73) 1.Suddha Gandhaka+godugdha + Gogrutha With S.Q. Of Nagavalli Swarasa For 2 To 4 Days . 2.Root Of Karavellaka Churna With Jala For 4 Days

19. BHASMA ASUDHA AND APAKWA BHASMA SEVANA DOSHA MANAGEMENT Swarna (Gold) Bala Veerya Nasha , Roga Samudaya Asoukyeya Dukha Giri Bhaava Marana Veerya Bala Hani 1 Haritaki + Sugar For 3 Days 2.Amlaki Churna + Madhu For 3 days Rajata (Silver) Sharkara + Madhu for 3 days Ashuddha Bhasma Apakwa Bhasma Pandu Kandu Gala Graha Malabanda Virya Nasha Hanti sharirapushti Gatra Taapa Ayu Veerya Bala Hani Taapa Vibanda Rogakrit

20. Ashuddha and Apakwa Bhasma sevana janya vikara & chikitsa of TAMRA TAMRA ASTA DOSHAS Bhrama ( Giddiness ) Murcha ( syncope ) Vidaha ( Burning sensation ) Sweda ( Perspiration ) Kleda ( Excess Sebaceous secretions ) Vamana ( Vomiting ) Aruchi ( Anorexia ) Chitta santapa ( Restlessness ) MANAGEMENT Dhanyaka kwatha with Sitha (sugar) for 3 days or until symptoms subside 2. Munivreehi Churna +sugar 3. Rice + Dhaniya + Sugar 4. In excesive Thirst Dhaniya Jala Sevana

21. Ashuddha and Apakwa Bhasma sevana janya vikara & chikitsa of TAMRA

22. Ashuddha and Apakwa Bhasma sevana janya vikara & chikitsa of LOHA (IRON ) Fe Ashuddha Bhasma Shandatwa Sapta dosha Kushta Guruta Heaviness in body Mrityu DRIDATA Body Stiffness Hridroga UTKLEDA Nausea Shula GLANI Tiredness Ashmari DAHA Burning sensation Daha , Gurutva ASHMARI Urinary Calculi Hrillasa DURGANDA Unpleasant odour Apakwa Bhasma Jeevahara Madakara Deha Shula Shareera Tanuta Daruna Hridi Ruja Ayu Bala Kanta Nasha 1.Agastya Swarasa bhavitha Vidanga along with Agastya swarasa until symptoms subside. 2.Treatment same as visha and vamana 3.Triphala churna+madhu 4.Rub vidanga with vasa juice and expose this to sunlight for long time advised with sufficient vasaswarasa 5.Siddha sara (antidote)- prepared using haritaki , saindava , shunti , shweta jeera in equal parts with 2parts of trivrit , bhavana with nimbu swarasa .

23. BHAS- -MA ASUDHA AND APAKWA BHASMA SEVANA DOSHA MANAGEMENT Naga (Lead) PbO Ashuddha Bhasma Prameha , gulma , aruchi , pandu , kshaya , Kapha roga , rakta vikara , mutrakrichra , jwara , ashmari , shula , bhagandara , kamala, prameha , kampa , kilasa , jwara , vidradi , mushka roga , jadya , mahadaha , veeryanasha , murcha Apakwa Bhasma Kushta , gulma , atikashta , pandu , prameha , anilasada , shota , bhagandara . 1 .Swarna bhasma+ hareetaki For 3 days. 2.swarna bhasma +sugar for 3 days 3.Suddha Gandhaka (Antidote) Vanga (Tin) Sn Ashuddha Bhasma Kushta , gulma , moha , pandu , prameha , apachi , vatarakta , balanasha , meha , kampa , kilasa , shula , baghandara , rakta vikara , kshaya , kapha jwara , ashmari , vidradi , Mushka roga , jadya , mahadaha , veeryanasha , murcha . Apakwa Bhasma Same as Naga with apachi , vatarakta , balahani Mesha Srungi Churna+Sugar for 3 days

24. BHASMA ASUDHA AND APAKWA BHASMA SEVANA DOSHA MANAGEMENT Yashada (Zinc) Zn Gulma , Prameha,Ksaya , kusta , ajeerna , vatavyadhi 1 .Bala Mula Churna + Abhaya+ Sita For 3 Days 2.Sharkara+ H aritaki For 3 Days. Vajra (Dimond) C Parswa Pida Kushta Sharira Santapa Bhrama Murcha Guruta ,Pandu Godugdha with Khanda Sarkara for 7days or with madhu or butter.

25. Conclusion The complications ( vyapat ) manifested out of Ashuddha and Apakwa bhasma sevana are merely similar to acute and chronic phases of poisoning due to metals. The drugs recommended for shodhana may exert antidote, excretory, neutralizing and chelating effect . Thus the importance of these processes of Shodhana , Marana, Amriteekarana in the preparation of an aushadha yoga and the dravyas mentioned therein may inhibit accumulation of toxins and increase excretion thus helping in reduction of toxic symptoms.

26. Thank You