ASPECTS-OF-CULTURE.pdf

aspects of culture a presentation to explain about the things that lies under culture and its effects

1. ASPECTS OF CULTURE

2. THE COMPLEXITY OFCULTURE
•CULTURE
•-is a people's way of life
••“That complex whole, which
encompasses beliefs, practices, values,
attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols,
knowledge, and everything that a
person learns and shares as a member
of society.”-E.B. Taylor

3. The WHAT,HOW
and WHY of
CULTURE
••
“What”containstheactions,artifacts,
language,andbehaviorthatcharacterizea
givenculture.
••“How”identifiestheprocessesthat
guaranteethetransmissionand
disseminationofthecontent.
••“Why”pinpointsthereasonswhy
individualscomplyandthemechanisms
thatfacilitatetheperformanceofexpected
behavior

4. Enculturation and
Culture Shock

5. ENCULTURATION
••refers to a gradual acquisition of
the characteristics and norms of a
culture or group by a person,
another culture, etc.
••starts with actual exposure to
another culture and the duration
and extent of exposure account for
the quality of the resulting
enculturation.

6. CULTURE SHOCK
•Isagoodexampleofenculturation
•Individualswhohavestayedfor
quiteagoodportionoftheirlives
especiallyaftertheformativeyears
inaforeignculturemaybeshocked
bytheirbirthcultureonceexposed
toitagain
•Theshockcreatedbytheirbirth
cultureisaproductoftheir
enculturationinthesecondculture

7. ASPECTS OF CULTURE

8. DEFINITIONS OF CULTURE
•“ THE HANDIWORK OF MAN AND THE MEDIUM THROUGH WHICH HE
ACHIEVES HIS ENDS.”-B. MALINOWSKI
•“AN ORGANIZED BODY OF CONVENTIONAL UNDERSTANDINGS
MANIFEST IN ART WHICH PERSISTING THROUGH TRADITION,
CHARACTERIZES A HUMAN GROUP”-R. REDFIELD
•“THE BODY OF THOUGHT AND KNOWLEDGE, BOTH
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL, WHICH ONLY MAN CAN
POSSESS”-V. DE ROBERT

9. DEFINITIONS OF CULTURE
•“WAY OF LIFE”
•“DESIGNS FOR LIVING”
•“A CULTURE IS A HISTORICALLY DERIVED
SYSTEM OF EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT DESIGNS
FOR LIVING, WHICH TENDS TO BE SHARED BY
ALL ESPECIALLY DESIGNED MEMBERS OF A
GROUP.”-KLUCKHOHN AND KELLY
A PEOPLE'S SHARED WAYS OF
DOING AND THINKING

10. Explicit Culture and Implicit Culture
EXPLICIT CULTURE
•Explicit Culture-Refers to
similarities in words and actions
which can be directly observed.
•EX:
•language
•dress
•food habits
•Religion
•behavior
IMPLICIT CULTURE
•Implicit Culture-exists in
abstract forms which are not
quite obvious.
•EX:
•Moral values
•Learning processes
•Beliefs and representations

12. Three Essences
of Culture as a
System
•Super-organic-Culture is seen as something superior to
nature because nature serves as the ingredient of any
cultural productions.
•Integrated -Culture’s various parts are integrated with
each other and any new element which is introduced is also
integrated. This integrity of the culture system makes it
pervasive.
•Pervasive-It touches every aspect of life and is
manifested in two ways.Culture provides an unquestioned
context within which individual action and response take
place.Culture pervades social activities and institutions.

13. CHARACTERISTICS
OF CULTURE
•1.Cultureissocialbecauseitisthe
productofbehavior.
•2.Culturevariesfromsocietyto
society.
•3.Cultureisshared.
•4.Cultureislearned.
•5.Cultureistransmittedamong
membersofsociety.
•6.Cultureiscontinuousand
cumulative.
•7.Cultureisgratifyingandidealistic.

14. FUNCTIONS OF
CULTURE

15. FUNCTIONS
OF CULTURE
Culture
defines
situations.
•Culture
defines
attitudes,
values and
goals.
•Culture
defines myths,
legends, and
the
supernatural.
•Culture
provides
behavior
patterns.

16. ETHNOCENTRISM
•ETHNO–Greekword,whichreferstopeople,nationorculturalgrouping
•CENTRIC–Latinword,whichreferstocenter
•ETHNOCENTRISM–referstothetendencyofeachsocietytoplaceitsown
culturepatternsatthecenterofthings
•isthepracticeofcomparingotherculturalpracticeswiththoseofone'sown
andautomaticallyfindingthoseotherculturalpracticestobeinferior.
•Itistheactofevaluatingotherculturesaccordingto
preconceptionsoriginatinginthestandardsandcustomsofone'sownculture

17. ETHNOCENTRISM
•-AtermcoinedbyWilliamGrahamSumner
•Abeliefthatyournativecultureisthemost
naturalorsuperiorwayofunderstandingthe
world
•Isauniversalhumanreactionfoundinall
knownsocieties,inallgroupsandin
practicallyallindividuals

18. FUNCTIONS OF
ETHNOCENTRISM
•1
.Ethnocentrismencourages
thesolidarityofgroup.
•2.Ethnocentrismhindersthe
understandingorthe
cooperationbetweengroups.
•3.Conflictofcourseleadsto
socialchange.

19. Cultural relativism
•Istheideathatallnorms,beliefsandvaluesare
dependentontheirculturalcontextandshould
betreatedassuch
•Isabeliefthatmaintainsitdoesnotmatter
whetherculturesareeitherequalordifferent
becauseequalityandsimilaritydonot
necessarilytranslatetorealorimagined
inferiority/superiorityofculturesoutthere
•Isalsoaresearchmethodwherebydifferent
societiesorculturesareanalyzedobjectively
withoutusingthevaluesofoneculturetojudge
theworthofanother

20. ETHNOCENTRISM VS CULTURAL RELATIVISM
•Is judging other culture based on
the preconceptions originating in
the standards and customs of
one’s own culture
•Involves looking at another
culture from the perspective of
one’s own culture
•An ethnocentric individual will
believe that his culture is better,
‘correct’ and ‘normal’
•Is the notion that a culture should
be understood on its own terms,
not using standards of another
culture
•Involves looking at another
culture by its own perspective
instead of one’s own culture
•A person who believes in cultural
relativism understands that one
culture is not better than another

21. Xenocentrismand
Xenophobia
•XENOCENTRISM-refers to a
preference for the foreign
•-exact opposite of ethnocentrism
•XENOPHOBIA -is the fear of what
is perceived as foreign or strange
• -extreme dislike
orfearofforeigners,theircustoms,
theirreligions,etc.

22. CULTURE AS HERITAGE
•CULTUREShaveTANGIBLEANDNON-
TANGIBLECOMPONENTS.
•Culturalartifactsbothtangibleand
nontangiblemaybecomeheritageobjects
bytheirsheerageandassociationwith
momentoushistoricaleventsand
noteworthypersonalities
•Ex:
•Sites and objects(flags)