ASPHYXIA NEONATORUM- DEFINATION, RESUSCITATION, PROGNOSIS & COMPLICATIONS .pdf

ASPHYXIA NEONATORUM -
IN THE ABOVE PPT ASPHYXIA NEONATORUM PAEDS/OBS TOPIC COVERED IN GREAT DETAIL WITH IMAGES & ILLUSTRATIONS_
DEFINATION
RESUSCITATION
PROGNOSIS & RELATED COMPLICATIONS ARE COVERED ...
Asphyxia neonatorum is a medical condition in newborns where there is insufficient oxygen supply during birth, leading to impaired breathing and potential organ damage. It occurs when oxygen levels drop due to various causes such as umbilical cord complications, placental insufficiency, or prolonged labor.

Resuscitation is critical in managing asphyxia neonatorum and must be initiated immediately after birth. Neonatal resuscitation involves clearing the airway, stimulating breathing, providing oxygen, and sometimes performing chest compressions or administering medications. Early intervention improves the chances of recovery and reduces complications.

Prognosis depends on the severity and duration of oxygen deprivation. Mild cases may recover fully with no long-term effects, while severe cases can result in neurological damage, developmental delays, or even death. Immediate and effective resuscitation significantly improves the prognosis.

Complications of asphyxia neonatorum include hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), cerebral palsy, seizures, and multi-organ dysfunction (affecting the heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys). These complications are more likely if the condition is not promptly recognized and treated.

Early diagnosis, skilled resuscitation, and appropriate follow-up care are essential in preventing long-term damage and improving outcomes for newborns affected by asphyxia neonatorum...
Asphyxia neonatorum refers to the inability of a newborn to initiate and sustain normal breathing at birth, leading to a lack of oxygen (hypoxia) and excess carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) in the bloodstream. This condition can result from complications during pregnancy or delivery, such as umbilical cord prolapse, placental abruption, prolonged labor, or maternal infections. Inadequate oxygenation can cause severe damage to vital organs, including the brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys.

Neonatal resuscitation is the primary intervention to address asphyxia neonatorum. It follows the guidelines set by organizations like the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP). Initial steps include drying the infant, stimulating breathing, clearing the airway, and providing positive pressure ventilation if needed. If spontaneous breathing is not restored, chest compressions and medications, such as epinephrine, may be required. The promptness and adequacy of resuscitation are crucial in minimizing long-term damage.

The prognosis for asphyxia neonatorum depends on the duration and severity of oxygen deprivation. Mild cases may recover without significant complications, but moderate to severe asphyxia can lead to conditions such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), which affects the brain...

1. Asphyxia Neonatrum
By: Nishaphrang S Lytep
Roll No. 10
BH5
Obstetrics & Paediatric Interdepartmental Integration

2. Asphyxia Neonatrum
Definition
Asphyxia Neonatrum means non
establishment of satisfactory pulmonary
respiration at birth.
Clinically it is defined as failure to initiate
and maintain spontanous respiration
within one minute of birth
Next Contents

3. 1
2
3
Resuscitation
Progonosis
Complication
Contents

4. Resuscitation1

5. Resuscitation
• Ventilatory Resuscitation
• Chest Compression
• Medication
EQUIPMENTS NEEDED FOR
NEONATAL RESUSCITATION

6. Ventilatory Resuscitation
•Dry the infant to place under the
radiant heater.
•Place the infant with head in
midline position, neck with slight
extension.
•Suction of mouth, oropharynx
with a suction bulb.
• Assess the infant’s condition:
respiratory effort, (apnea or
regular breathing) and heart rate.

7. Chest Compression
The sternum is compressed about one-
third the diameter of the chest at a regular
rate of 90 compressions/min while
ventilating the infant at 30 breaths/min
(3:1). The HR is checked periodically and
chest compression is discontinued when
the HR is > 60 bpm.
The thumbs are placed together over the
lower third of the sternum. The palms
encircle the torso and support the
back.

8. Medications
•Epinephrine
• Sodium Bicarbonate
• Naloxone
• Reversal of narcotic drug is needed
when mother has been given pethidine or
morphine within 3 hours of delivery.
• Volume expansion is needed when blood
pressure is low
and tissue perfusion is poor.
Dopamine infusion may
be given for hypotension.

9. Progonisis2

10. PROGNOSIS
Maturity of the baby;
Duration and intensity of hypoxia and acidosis as evidenced by Apgar
score and blood pH—higher the score, normal the pH, better
is the prognosis;
Facilities for immediate and competent management of a compromised baby.
Most survivors of perinatal asphyxia do not have any major sequelae
01
02
03
The prognosis is dependent on:

11. Complications3

12. Complication
It can be Immediate or Delayed
Immediate:
CVS, CNS,GIT, Renal, Liver Function, Lungs and Brain
DELAYED:
Epilepsy, Minimal Brain Dysfunction, Retarded Mental and Physical Growth

13. Thank You