Assessment of Yoni Water Quality.pptx.pdf

The document titled "Assessment of Water Quality at Yonibana" is a presentation prepared by Mohamed Muckson Kamara and his group for the Water Security and Safety (HA211) module at Central University Sierra Leone. It evaluates the water quality in Yonibana, a town in Yoni Chiefdom, Tonkolili District.

Key Sections:

1. Objectives & Introduction – Defines water quality and explains its importance in human health and ecosystems.


2. Description of Yonibana – Provides geographical, demographic, and hydrological characteristics.


3. Water Sources – Identifies groundwater (wells), surface water (rivers, lakes), and government-provided tap water.

4. Importance of Water Quality Assessment – Highlights its role in health, pollution control, and ecosystem preservation.

5. Sources of Water Contamination – Includes physical contaminants, agricultural waste, and pollution from human activities.

6. Human Impact on Water Quality – Discusses waste disposal, ecosystem changes, and urbanization.

7. Compliance with Water Quality Standards – Evaluates whether Yonibana's water meets health and environmental standards.

8. Health Risks – Identifies waterborne diseases such as cholera, typhoid, diarrhea, dysentery, and giardiasis.

9. Recommendations – Suggests legal protections, community cleanups, water treatment, and improved water management.

Conclusion:

The report identifies challenges in maintaining water quality in Yonibana and proposes strategies to improve it, emphasizing community involvement and stricter regulations.

1. Name: MOHAMED MUCKSON KAMARA
ID No: 2023106
Program: Bachelor of Science in Public Health
Level: Year Two
Module: Water Security and Safety
Code: HA211
Topic: Assessment of Water Quality at Yonibana
Group: 3
Lecturer: Ishmail Conteh
Date: February 6, 2024

2. GROUP MEMBERS
2
MOHAMED MUCKSON
KAMARA
2023106
SENATU KAMARA
2023107
DAVID M KOROMA
2023192
MUHEINA ANTHONIA
SAM
2023109

3. Assessment of Water Quality at Yonibana

4. CONTENTS
❖Objectives
❖Description
❖Introduction
❖Importance
❖ Sources of Water Contamination
❖Impact of Human Activities
❖Compliance with Water Quality Standard
❖Risk to Human Health
❖Recommendations
❖ References.

5. INTRODUCTION
Water Quality: is a measure of the condition of water relative to
the requirement of one or more biotic species and/or any human
need of purpose.

Water Quality Assessment : It involves collecting and
analyzing data on the physical, chemical, and biological
characteristics of water, as well as comparing them with the
standards or criteria of its usage . Water quality assessment can
help identify the sources and causes of water pollution, the
impacts and risks of water quality degradation, and the measures
and strategies to improve and protect the quality of the water.
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6. DESCRIPTION OF
YONIBANA
Yoni is one of eleven chiefdoms within the Tonkolili District. Yonibana is a
small town within the center of Yoni Chiefdom and prides itself on its right
history beginning with its name origin “Bana” which means “Big” It contains
a total population of 3,301 people according to 2015 census of Sierra Leone. It
is located three miles away from Mile 91 town. Yoni-chiefdom is one of the
biggest chiefdoms among the 190 chiefdoms in Sierra Leone. It’s surrounded
by three (3) chiefdoms: Kholifa Mabang Chiefdom, Malal Marah Chiefdom and
Gbonkolenken Chiefdom, Yoni is the most superior among them and has a
police division located at mile 91 town. Yonibana lies approximately 28.2 miles
away from the Head quarter town Magburaka.
The most popular language spoken by the people of Yonibana is
called Kathemne.
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7. HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
YONIBANA
Yonibana has relatively abundant water resources, but access to
improved water supplies remains low. Rainfall is high although
seasonal, and there are a number of major perennial rivers.
However, river flow is also seasonal in response to rainfall. But
the people of Yonibana largely depends on well water
To do most of their domestic works, agricultural activities and
for drinking.
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8. SOURCES OF
WATER IN
YONIBANA
Yoni is one of the luckiest rural communities in terms of water sources because
they are blessed with many sources of water which includes:

Ground Water (Well Water): According to our survey, there are approximately
over 50 water wells within the yoni municipality.

Surface Water (River, Lakes, Swamps): There are over 3 rivers in Yoni from
which people fetch water for domestic and other uses.

Government Water Provision: Government support and provides water for the
people of yonibana and mile 91 through SALWACO. There are approximately
over 20 tap water being provided twice a week within Yoni.
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9. IMPORTANCE OF WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT
Water quality assessment plays a crucial role which includes:
Human Health and Well-being : Good water quality is essential for human health and
well-being. Water from terrestrial, coastal, and marine sources is vital for human health, well-being,
and livelihoods.

Ecosystem Functioning: Water quality plays a significant role in ecosystem functioning and
services, and the survival of all living species.

Identifying Problems: Regular monitoring of water quality is a critical part of identifying any
existing problems or any issues that could emerge in the future.

Addressing Pollution: Water quality assessments can help address pollution issues that affect
both the quantity and quality of water. These issues are often exacerbated by human activities
such as urbanization, industrial and agricultural activity, and a lack of basic sanitation.

In summary, water quality assessment is a vital tool for ensuring the health and well-being of
humans and ecosystems, identifying and addressing pollution issues, and supporting sustainable
development goals.

10. SOURCES OF WATER CONTAMINATION AT
YONIBANA
10
Water can be contaminated by various sources, including:

1.Physical Contaminants: These are solid particles suspended in water that
can affect its clarity, color, and overall appearance. They can be caused by
natural events such as storms and erosion, or human activities like
construction and land development.
2.Agricultural Waste: This can include a variety of pollutants like chemical
waste, pesticides and fertilizers

11. IMPACTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON
WATER QUALITY
Waste Disposal: Improper disposal of waste can lead to water pollution. Household
waste can contain harmful chemicals and substances that can contaminate water
bodies. Waste disposal systems such as landfills can also contribute to groundwater
contamination.
Social Activities: There are some activities that are done within or around the
water bodies that could lead to the contamination of the water. (example: little
children playing around the water source bodies).
Ecosystem and Landscape Changes: The removal, destruction, or impairment of
natural ecosystems are among the greatest causes of critical impacts on the
sustainability of our natural water resources. Changes that can occur to landscapes
include forest clearance, crop- or grazing lands replacing grasslands or other
natural terrestrial ecosystems, urbanization (leading to changes in infiltration and
runoff patterns as well to pollution), wetlands removal or reduction, new roadwork
for transportation, and mining in quarries or large-scale open pits.



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12. COMPLIANCE WITH WATER
QUALITY STANDARDS
12
Compliance with water quality standards is the process of ensuring that the quality of water
resources meets the established criteria for their designated uses. Water quality standards are an
important tool for restoring and maintaining healthy water quality for lakes, rivers and streams.

From our assessment, we discovered that the water quality standards are challenging

13. COMPLIANCE WITH WATER QUALITY
STANDARDS CONT.
13
1.Designated Uses:
▪Water bodies are designated for specific uses, such as drinking water supply,
swimming, fishing, or industrial processes.
▪Standards vary based on the designated use. For instance, stricter standards apply
to water bodies designated for drinking water sources.
2.Water Quality Criteria:
▪Water quality criteria specify the maximum allowable concentrations of specific
pollutants in water bodies. These criteria are based on scientific research and aim to
protect aquatic life and human health.
▪For example, criteria may set limits for substances like heavy metals, nutrients,
pesticides, and pathogens.
3.Antidegradation Policies:
▪Antidegradation policies prevent the degradation of water quality. They ensure that
existing high-quality waters are not compromised.
▪These policies require careful consideration before allowing any activity that could
degrade water quality.

14. RISKS TO HUMAN HEALTH
Since the Yonibana community is unable to comply with the water quality
standards and proper water hygiene, they are susceptible to the risk of the
following health problems:
1.Cholera:
•Caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
•Symptoms include severe diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration.
•Cholera outbreaks often occur in areas with inadequate
sanitation and contaminated water supplies.

15. RISKS TO HUMAN HEALTH CONT.
2.Typhoid Fever:
•Caused by the
bacterium Salmonella typhi.
•Symptoms include high fever,
weakness, abdominal pain, and
headache.
•Contaminated water and food are
common transmission routes.

3.Diarrhea:
•Caused by Norovirus
•Symptoms include watery stools, Belly
cramps or pain, Vomiting etc.
•Contaminated water and food are
common transmission routes



4.Dysentery:
•Caused by various bacteria,
including Shigella and Campylob
acter.
•Symptoms include bloody
diarrhea, fever, and abdominal
cramps.
•Contaminated water and poor
hygiene contribute to its spread.

5.Giardiasis:
•Caused by the protozoan
parasite Giardia lamblia.
•Symptoms include diarrhea,
bloating, and abdominal pain.
•Commonly transmitted through
contaminated water

16. RECOMMENDATIONS

•Implementation of laws that will protect the water bodies

•Community Based organizations and community members to regularly engaging in general cleaning
of the source of their water bodies especially those that are designated for drinking purposes.

•Treatment of water at household level is also very important

•Rehabilitation and fencing of the water bodies is crucial as it helps prevent other animals to pollute
the water.

•Community should select a care taker of the main source of their drinking water.


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17. REFERENCES
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https://www.unep.org/interactives/wwqa/
https://www.unep.org/interactives/wwqa/what-world-water-quality-
assessment
https://www.lgsonic.com/water-contamination/
https://www.watermedia.org/how-do-humans-affect-water-quality
https://www.greenfacts.org/en/water-resources/l-3/4-effect-human-a
ctions.htm
https://www.epa.gov/wqs-tech/water-quality-standards-handbook

18. THANK YOU