Assist-suicide-and-euthanasia-Group-3-1.pptx

Bioethics course: The topic of Assist suicide and euthanasia

1. Assisted suicide and Euthanasia Lecturer: Ha Thi Thanh Huong Member: Nguyễn Trần Minh Tuyết - BEBEIU18206 Hồ Lê Vân Khanh - BEBEIU18174 Huỳnh Nguyễn Minh Trí - BEBEIU20257 Bùi Trung Nguyên - BEBEIU18182 ‹#›

2. 02 01 07 05 Table of contents Introduction Defined euthanasia and assist suicde Points of view Euthanasia Argument for and against Scientific Background Method of euthanasia Legal framework Legality worldwide Historical Timeline History of Euthanasia and Physican-Assisted Suicide Engineering Solution Giving solution 03 06 Summary 08 Cases study Giving ethic problem rising from cases 04 ‹#›

3. Introduction 01 DEFINITIONS and CLASSIFICATION ‹#›

4. Definition Euthanasia Assisted suicide T he act of deliberately helping another person to kill themselves A doctor provides medication to the person who wants to die T he act of deliberately ending a person's life to relieve suffering A doctor actually administers the medication that causes death. ‹#›

5. Types of euthanasia Voluntary: conducted with consent patient Non-voluntary: conducted without consent and another person take decision on their behalf, based on patient quality of life and suffering. ‹#›

6. P rocedural classifications of euthanasia Passive euthanasia: doctor don't do or stop doing something to keep the patient alive Active euthanasia: deliberately do something that causes the patient to die. ‹#›

7. Scientific Background 02 ‹#›

8. In Human Barbiturates most commonly used Brain slow down Stops telling the body to keep the respiratory system working, and breathing P entobarbital as a drink mixed with a liquid suspension respiratory arrest ‹#›

9. In Human series of injections very deep medical coma stops the person's breathing Midazolam – Benzodiazepine Lignocaine ‹#›

10. Animal an IV injection in one leg quickly renders the pet unconscious shuts down heart & brain functions Pentobarbital ‹#›

11. Historical Timeline 3 The time of developing of euthanasia ‹#›

12. 1900-1949 Historical TimeLine 5th Century B.C - 16th Century 17th -19th Century 5th Century B.C.-1st Century B.C 12th - 15th Century 17th Century 17th-18th Century Late 18th Century 1870s 1905 - 1906 1930s 1940s primitive period and develop gradually of euthanasia ‹#›

13. Historical TimeLine 1950-1979 1980-1999 1999-Present 1950s 1970s 1977 1980 1990s 2000 June 12, 2019 Oct. 16, 2020 The defining period and strict laws of each country on euthanasia ‹#›

14. Points of views Euthanasia 04 ‹#›

15. Key bioethical Principles The Principle of Autonomy The Principle of Beneficence The Principle of Nonmaleficence The Principle of Life Preservation ‹#›

16. A rgument for #1: It is expensive to keep people alive when there is no cure for their illness. Euthanasia would release precious resources to treat people who could live Example : Brain dead patient, vegetative ‹#›

17. The Netherlands to Allow Physician-Assisted Suicide for Terminally Ill Children under 12 => That leads to agrument 2 and 3 Legalize Physician-Assisted Suicide for Terminally Ill Adults ‹#›

18. #2: Declares that obtaining or administering life-ending medication is not suicide under law, thereby legalizing the practice often called medically assisted suicide. ‹#›

19. #3: Family and friends would be spared the pain of seeing their loved one suffer a long-drawn-out death. ‹#›

20. A gainst #1: I t would put too much power in the hands of doctors, and damage the trust between patient and doctor. ‹#›

21. #2: Voluntary euthanasia could be the first step on a slippery slope that leads to involuntary euthanasia, where those who are undesirable or seen as a problem could be killed ‹#›

22. I n some extreme cases, voluntary euthanasia may be morally justified. => Never do it because lead to the slippery slope towards an inhumane society . could be the killing of severely handicapped newborns and then the killing of persons with a mental handicap until we finally kill the useless elderly ‹#›

23. #3: Alternative treatments are available and developed, such as palliative care and hospices. We do not have to kill the patient to kill the symptoms. Nearly all pain can be relieved. New York Task Force Publishes Report Against Physician-Assisted Suicide ‹#›

24. Question (discuss 5 mins) Do you think that some individuals may utilize euthanasia and assisted suicide to intentionally murder people? Could you give any examples? ‹#›

25. Legal Framework 05 ‹#›

26. Legal in only 4 European countries (Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland and Luxemburg), Canada, Colombia and 18% of population of USA ( states of Oregon, Washington, Montana, Vermont, California, Colorado and Washington, DC ) Switzerland is the only country permit assisted dying performed by a non-physician . And non-Swiss citizens can access this by visiting Switzland. Assisted suicide varying degrees of acceptance among different global jurisdictions ‹#›

27. Ill egal UK: all forms of assisted dying remain illegal and can be considered under criminal laws of manslaughter or murder , or under the Suicide Act (1961), depending on the circumstances. Assisted suicide Elsewhere in the world: remains a criminal offence , prosecutable through various legal routes. ‹#›

28. European states have legalized euthanasia (Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Spain) states have legalized only passive euthanasia (Great Britain, Ireland, Latvia, Norway, Slovak Republic, Finland, Sweden, and Hungary) states prohibit any kind of euthanasia (France, Poland, Romania, and others) E uthanasia ‹#›

29. Vietnam There are no specific laws concerning euthanasia as well as any law against suicide. For this reason, there is a possibility that it is categorized by the law as the same as the act of murder, making it an illegal practice. => Should be legalized by the law and applied by the medical system in Vietnam Euthanasia ‹#›

30. Question (discuss 5 mins) Do you agree or disagree with the legalization of Euthanasia and Assist Suicide in Vietnam? Why? ‹#›

31. E ngineering solution 06 ‹#›

32. Physician-Assisted Suicide - PAS Legal in the United States in several states, and in a handful of other countries. Perform : has a terminal diagnosis , is suffering => Control when and how they die. *Patient must take the medication ‹#›

33. Question (discuss 5 mins) In your opinion, why do the majority of patients choose voluntary death rather than facing sickness? ‹#›

34. Pain and Fear suffering from terminal disease, both malignant and non-malignant E uthanasia Most common Pain, loss of control, fear of feature Suffering without prospect for improvement: 44% vulnerable in society, (elderly, disabled and terminally ill) Assisted Suicide Pain, loss of control, fear of feature Suffering without prospect for improvement: 44% ‹#›

35. Terminal cancer => have pain and fear => The potential way of alleviating this suffering => A dvocated euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide D evelopment in recent years => A fford alternate means of addressing suffering in this patient population. ‹#›

36. Pain and Fear A lternative approach greater setting of palliative care appropriate use of the specialty of pain medicine Compassionate care and fundamental respect Promote lifesaving ‹#›

37. Case study 07 ‹#›

38. Case 1: Diane Pretty loses right to die Diane Pretty endures final stages of motor neurone disease → wants her husband to be allowed to help her commit suicide However, assisted suicide, which is a criminal offence in England and Wales under the Suicide Act 1961. Pretty took her case to court using the Human Rights Act 1998 British courts did not accept Pretty's arguments, eventually turning her case down ‹#›

39. Does Diane Pretty’s husband have a right for assisted suicide? Ethically? Legally? Do you think that assist suicide should be considered as criminal? Case 1: Question (discuss 7 mins) ‹#›

40. In 1990, Terri Schiavo have the cardiac arrest → successfully resuscitated, but had massive brain damage → left comatose After two month → d iagnosis was changed to persistent vegetative state (PVS) On June 18, 1990, Michael Schiavo was appointed as Terri Schiavo's legal guardian; → not disputed by the her parent Made a lot of therapies for 3 years→ unsuccessful Case 2: Terri schiavo PVS is s a disorder of consciousness in which patients with severe brain damage are in a state of partial arousal rather than true awareness ‹#›

41. Case 2: Terri schiavo Husband Parents F iled a petition to remove Terri Schiavo's feeding tube Claimed that his wife’s chance of recovery is small → she would not want to prolonged artificial life Oppose her husband decision, and challenge his guardianship Claimed that Terri was a devout Roman Catholic → not violate the Church's teachings → not want euthanasia ‹#›

42. Case 2: Terri schiavo In 2003, Florida Legislature passed "Terri's Law": permit reinsertion of the patient's feeding tube, which had been removed → Governor Bush ordered the Terri feeding tube to be reinserted after it removal In 2004, Terri Law is considered unconstitutional 2005, the court system upheld the original decision to remove the feeding tube, and removed it the final time. ‹#›

43. Did the decision of Terri’s husband or her parent ethical? Legal? Did the government delay violate Terri’s right when they reinserted the feeding tube? What do you think the best choice in this situation? Case 2: Question (discuss 7 mins) ‹#›

44. Case 3: The first authanasia without terminal prognosis Martha Sepúlveda Campo, was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis → fatal, from 2 to 5 years life expectancy In 1997, Colombia allowed euthanasia for people with life expectancy of six-months or less → expanded → Martha’s euthanaisia approved When approved to die by euthanasia, Martha need assist in her daily activities like walk, dress. ‹#›

45. Case 3: The first authanasia without terminal prognosis In the interview, she said: “In the state that I'm in, the best thing that can happen to me is to rest” → caused an uproar in the media and the religious party. One day before euthanasia, health center announced that they canceled the process She fought with court for her “right to death”, and was granted. ‹#›

46. What do you think about the Colombia “category” for people who want euthanasia? Do the media and the religious party affect her euthanasia cancelation? Does the health center have a right to cancel Martha’s euthanasia? Does it violate her rights? Case 3: Question (discuss 7 mins) ‹#›

47. Summary Definition of euthanasia and assist suicide Euthanasia’s method for human and animal Why we should and shouldn’t have euthanasia Engineering solutions: pain medicine and palliative care (promote live saving) Legality in worldwide and VietNam Cases study to show the rising problem from this topic ‹#›

48. References Angela Morrow, R. N. (2021, October 25). What is euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide? Verywell Health. Retrieved March 14, 2022, from https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-euthanasia-1132209 NHS. (n.d.). NHS choices. Retrieved March 14, 2022, from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/euthanasia-and-assisted-suicide/ Martin, H. (2020, August 13). Euthanasia referendum: What drugs are used in assisted dying, and how do they work? Stuff. Retrieved March 14, 2022, from https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/health/euthanasia-debate/300073069/euthanasia-referendum-what-drugs-are-used-in-assisted-dying-and-how-do-they-work WebMD. (n.d.). What happens during euthanasia? what to expect when you put your pet to sleep . WebMD. Retrieved March 14, 2022, from https://pets.webmd.com/what-happens-put-pet-to-sleep#:~:text=The%20euthanasia%20medication%20most%20vets,within%20one%20or%20two%20minutes. M;, E. (n.d.). Pain medicine and palliative care as an alternative to euthanasia in end-of-life cancer care . The Linacre quarterly. Retrieved March 14, 2022, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25999611/ Guardian News and Media. (2002, April 29). Diane pretty loses right to die case . The Guardian. Retrieved March 14, 2022, from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2002/apr/29/health.medicineandhealth NBCUniversal News Group. (2021, October 19). This woman wanted to die. why was her euthanasia canceled? NBCNews.com. Retrieved March 14, 2022, from https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/woman-wanted-die-was-euthanasia-canceled-rcna3231 Schneider, M. (2005, March 31). Terri Schiavo dies 13 days after feeding tube removed . The Seattle Times. Retrieved March 14, 2022, from https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/terri-schiavo-dies-13-days-after-feeding-tube-removed/#:~:text=%E2%80%94%20Terri%20Schiavo%2C%20the%20severely%20brain,She%20was%2041. ‹#›

49. Thanks! ‹#›

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