Asthma

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing, and chest tightness. Asthma symptoms can range from mild to severe, and they can vary over time. It is a common condition that affects people of all ages.

1. ASTHMA PREPARED BY: Dr. Saima Mustafa (pt)

2. INTRODUCTION: Asthma is a non-communicable chronic lungs disease, characterized by the following features: airways inflammation airways obstruction due to muscle spasm,mucosal edema and stagation. airways hyperreactivity to aerobiological irritants.

3. Eitiology Host factors: -genetics -sex: More in males 2:1 Environmental factors: -Allergens -infections -seasonal -diet(certain food triggers it) Pollutants Respiratory infections Psychological factors Drugs

4. Pathophysiology Asthma trigger inflammation & edema of mucous membrane accumulation of tenacious secretions from mucous gland spasm of the smooth muscle of the bronchi & bronchioles Decreases the caliber of the bronchioles

5. Clinical manifestations : Dyspnea wheezing cough restlessness nocturnal cough chest tightness recurrent cough abdominal pain rarely occurs due to overworking of expiratory abdominal muscle other comorbidities : allergic rhinitis, sinusitis,eczema.

6. Diagnosis 1. History taking recurrents episodes of wheezing? troublesome in cough usually worse at night? awakened by coughing? cough and wheeze after physical activity? 2. Physical examination: dyspnea, irritability, eczema and allergic rhinitis 3. Chest X Ray : if any complication are suspected.

7. Treatment Oxygen: give oxygen to keep oxygen saturation >95% in all children with asthma who are cyanosed. Pharmacotherapy: salbutamol, terbutaline, adrenaline prevent :- steroids and theophylline. long term symptoms reliever: - salmeterol -formoterol -bambuterol

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