Closteriuim, 176
Clostridiales, 131
Clostridium, 52, 53, 77, 78, 92, 131
acetobutylicum, 79
botulinum, 53, 140–141, 143
butyricum, 28, 29, 30
difficile, 141
perfringens, 73, 142
septicum, 142
sporogenes (“Medusa Head”),
21, 29, 30, 79, 131
tetani, 73, 131, 143
clotting mechanisms, 65
clumping factor, 65
CMV (cytomegalovirus) CPE in cell
culture, 121
Coagulase Tests, 65–66
cocci, 132
cell arrangement, 39, 42–44
division patterns, 42
Gram-positive, 12, 13, 27, 48,
61, 65, 69, 130, 131
from nasal swab, 39
ovoid, 40
Coccidiodes immitis, 188–189
coccidioidomycosis, 188
coccobacilli, 130, 137, 138
Coccolithophora, 172, 173
coliforms, 6, 11, 12, 228. See also
lactose fermentation
methods to determine, 229–230
Colilert
®
method, 227–227
coliphages, 118
colistin and nalidixic acid (CNA), 9
colitis (PMC and AAC), 141
collagen, 73
colony(ies)
morphology, 19, 25
mucoid, 24
rhizoid, 21
umbonate, 23
colony counter, 19, 217, 219
colony-forming unit (CFU), 5
Columbia CAN with 5% Sheep
Blood Agar, 9
Computer Coding and Identification
System (CCIS), 70
Congo red stain, 38, 51
conidia / conidiophores, 187, 188,
189, 190
Coomassie blue, 110
corticosteroids, 152
corynebacteria / Corynebacterium /
Corynebacteriaceae, 39, 53,
92, 131
diphtheriae, 44, 54, 143–144
xerosis, 23, 39
Cosmarium, 176
countable plate, 217, 218
Crenarchaeota, 165
CRF (coagulase-reacting factor), 65
cryptococcosis, 184
Cryptococcus neoformans, 184
cryptosporidiosis, 196
Cryptosporidium parvum, 196
crystal violet, 39, 42, 46, 47
cultures
cell, to identify viruses, 120–122
mixed and pure, 2, 4, 5, 19
throat, 26
curds, 78–79, 80
CynobacteriaPhylum / cyanobacteria,
1, 3, 125–127, 129, 182, 233,
236
Anabaena, 126, 129
xerosis, 41
cysteine, 94, 96
cysticercus, 210
cytochromes and cytochrome c
oxidase, 87, 88–89
cytolysis, 56
cytomegaloviruses (CMV), 121
cytopathic effect (CPE), 120, 121,
122
cytoplasm, 3, 37, 48, 56
deamination, 71, 80, 234
decarboxylation, 18, 80
Decarboxylation Test, 67–68
decolorization, 46, 50
Deinococcus, 124
radiodurans, 23
Deltaproteobacteria, 127, 129, 130
denitrification, 83, 84
dental caries, 159, 237
deoxyribonucleotides, 112
dermatophytes, 185
desoxycholate, 9, 18
Desulfobibrionales / Desulfovibrio,
130
DFA (direct fluorescent antibody),
104, 136
DGI (disseminated gonococcal
infection), 151
diacetyl, 98
diarrhea, 133, 135, 139, 141, 142,
144, 145, 155, 156, 162, 193,
194, 200, 204, 205, 207, 209,
210, 213
diatoms, 1, 32, 171, 172–173
Dictyosteliumslug, 178
dientamoeba fragilis, 194
digestion reaction (Litmus Milk), 79
dimorphic molds, 190–192
dinoflagellates, 170–171
diphtheria, 143–144
Diphyllobothrium latumand ursi, 207
diplomonads, 169–170
Dipylidium caninum, 207
direct count method, 219–220
direct smear, 46–48
disk diffusion test and dispenser,
223, 224
DMABA, 74
DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide), 115,
116
DNA, 1, 106. See alsoRNA
Deinococcusrepair mechanism,
124
eukaryotic, 109
extraction, 109–110
fingerprinting, 110
hydrolysis, 68
PCR technique of cloning, 124
Polymerase, 111, 114
replication, 9
sequencing, dideoxy method
(Sanger), 112, 113
in viruses / viral, 117–119, 220
DNA Polymerase (Taq1), 111, 124
DNase Test Agars, 24, 68–69
DOC (Dexoxycholate) Agar, 9, 10
domains, 1
comparison of three, 2
Durham tubes, 71, 229
dysentery, bacillary and parasitic,
156, 216
EC Broth, 229, 230
Echinococcus granulosus, 208
E. coli(Escherichia coli),10, 11, 12,
13, 15, 16, 17, 29, 47, 73, 76,
79, 81, 82, 86, 88, 91, 93, 95,
98, 114, 118, 144–145
testing for,222, 227, 228, 230
edema, 134
Ehrlichia, 128
electromagnetic spectrum, 114
electron acceptor, 6, 17, 130, 234
electron microscope, 1. See alsomi-
croscopy / microscopes
electron transport chains (ETCs),
63, 87–88, 89
electrophoresis, 106, 108, 110–111,
113
elephantiasis, 216
ELISA tests / screening, 103–105,
106, 136, 163, 195
Elphidium, 174
EMB (Eosin Methylene Blue) Agar,
12
emulsions, preparing, 46
encephalitis, 122
Endo Agar, 11, 24, 228
endocarditis, 183
Endolimax nana, 202
endoplasmic reticulum, 1
endospore stain, 51–54
endosymbiosis, 170
entamoebas/ Entamoeba, 177
coli, 201
dispar, 201
hartmanni,201
histolytica, 200, 201. 202
enteric(s), 6, 18, 134, 144
gram-negative, 60, 78
lactose fermenters, 11, 12
Enterobacter, 68, 81, 128
aerogenes, 11, 12, 13, 27, 37, 69,
71, 75, 81, 83, 84, 98, 128,
228
cloacae, 128
Enterobacteriacae, 6, 13, 57, 64, 67,
69, 71, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 81,
82, 83, 87, 88, 89, 93, 95, 98,
139, 144, 154, 222, 228
Enterobius vermicularis, 194, 212
Enterococcus, 13, 59, 60, 61, 92,
131
faecalis, 12, 16, 17, 27, 84, 85
faecium, 20, 42, 60, 64, 131
enterotoxins, 133, 142, 157
Enterotube II, 70–71, 145
enteroviruses, 121
Entner-Doudoroff pathway,
Appendix 243, 245
environmental
factors, 19, 24, 157
phases, 232
sampling, 226–227
enzymes, 59, 62, 63, 82, 91
bacterial, 59
coagulase, 65
cysteine desulfurse, 93, 94
cytochrome c oxidase, 87
decarboxylate, 67
DNA Polymerase, 124
ETC, 88
extracellular, 65, 73
inducible, 86
intracellular, 86
lipases, 77
nitrate reductase, 83
nitrogenase, 233
oxidase, 89
proteolytic, 78
respiratory, 87
reverse transcriptase, 119
succinate, 81
thiosulfate reductase, 93, 94
tryptophanase, 74
urease, 96
in viruses, 117
Eosin Methylene Blue Agar,12
eosinophilia / eosinophils, 212, 239,
240
Epidermophyton, 185
floccosum, 185, 186
epithelial cells. Seecell(s), epithelial
epitopes, 100
Epsilonproteobacteria, 127, 128,
139
Erwinia, 128
amylovora, 22
erythrocytes, 43, 239. See alsored
blood cells
Escherichia, 81, 128.See also E. coli
esculin / esculetin, 7, 60, 131, 133
E-test system, 224–225
ethidium bromide, 110, 111
euglenids, 169, 170
Eukarya domain / eukaryotes, 1, 2,
3, 169, 236
cells, 1, 56
ETC in, 88
fungi, 178
Euyarchaeota, 165–166
Excavata, 169–170
exoenzymes, 68–69. See alsoenzymes
exotoxins, 44, 61, 134, 156, 157,
163
extremophiles, 165
eyespot, 170
Fasciola hepatica, 204
Fasciolopsis buski, 204
fecal contamination, 11, 195, 196,
200, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206,
209, 210, 211, 214, 215, 216,
228. See alsostool samples
fermentation, 11, 28, 89, 131, 159;
Appendix 246, 249, 250. See
alsoglucose; lactose; mannitol
carbohydrate, 75, 90, 96
of E.coli, 82
mixed-acid, 82
stormy, 78, 79
sulfur, 76
tests, 71–73
2,3-butanediol, 98
ferric ions, 6, 7, 17, 80
ferric ammonium citrate / ferric
citrate, 12, 16, 17, 18, 60
fibrinogen, 65
filipods, 149
final electron acceptor (FEA), 63
FirmicutesPhylum, 130–131, 134,
140, 141, 142, 143, 149, 157,
158, 159, 160, 161
FITC dye, 105
flagella. See alsomotility
Caulobacter, 128
eukaryote, 169, 170, 171
lophotrichous, 55
periplasmic, 125
polar, 129
stain, 54–55
Flashlight Fish, 221
flavoproteins, 63, 87, 88
flea infestation, 163, 207
flukes, 203, 204
fluorescent antibody (FA) technique,
105–106
fly. See black fly; sand fly; tsetse fly
fluorescent dyes / fluorochrome /
fluorescence, 50, 185, 200, 227
Fonsecaea pedrosoi, 189
foraminiferans, 174
food poisoning, 135, 142, 157
Fragillaria, 173
Francisella, 93
Freeze, Dr. Hudson, 124
frustule, 172
fucoxanthin, 172
fumarate, 81
Fungi Kingdom, 1
fungus, 77, 132, 176, 178–182, 189,
192. See alsoyeasts
Fusobacteria/Fusobacterium, 92,
145
necrophorum, 145
nucleatum, 145
gall bladder, 204
GammaproteobacteriaClass,127,
129, 130, 144, 146, 147, 148,
154, 155, 156, 163
gametangia, 172, 179
gametocytes, 197
Gardnerella vaginalis, 92
gastrointestinal disorders / gastro -
enteritis, 122, 128, 135, 136,
139, 139, 142, 145, 147, 149,
155, 204
Gelatin Hydrolysis Test, 73–74
gel immunodiffusion, 100
genetic
characteristics of the three
domains, 2
environmental influence, 19
genome, 2, 117, 124, 220
Georg, Lucille K., 185 (photo)
gentamicin, 7
Giardia lamblia / Giardia intesti-
nalis, 169–170, 193
Giemenez stain, 127, 138
Giemsa stain, 138, 239
Gloeocapsa, 126
Gluconobacter, 127
glucose and galactose
fermenter / fermentation, 67–68,
71, 75–76, 80, 81, 95, 96, 98,
123
hydrolysis, 79
oxidation, 243, Appendix 246–
249
glutathione, 30
glycine, 7
glycolysis, 71, 72, 77, 82, 87, 98,
170, Appendix 243–244
glycoprotein, 119, 122
Glycerol Yeast Extract, 24
Golgi bodies / Golgi complex, 1, 169
gonorrhea, 151
Gram-negative and Gram-positive.
Seealsobacilli; cocci
bacteria, 123, 125, 129, 130,
131, 132, 133
rods / cells, 6, 9, 12, 13, 15, 16,
17, 18, 46–48, 55, 57, 64, 71,
83, 95, 98
gram stains, 45–49
granulocytes, 239
granulomatosis infantiseptica, 149
Green Sulfur Bacteria, 129–130
guanidine nuclei, 98
gut peristalsis, 193
Guillain-Barré syndrome, 139
gymnamoebas, 177
Gyrosigma, 173
Haemophilus
influenzae, 8, 146
parainfluenzae, 146
Hafnia alvei, 97
hair perforation test, 187
Haley, Dr. Lenore, 192 (photo)
Halobacterium, 3, 166–167
halophiles, extreme, 3, 166
halorhodopsin, 166
hanging drop technique, 55
haptophytes / haptonema, 172, 173
heat-fixing, 38, 51
Hektoen Enteric (HE) Agar, 12, 13,
16
HeLa cells, 120
Helicobacter pylori, 147
helminths, parasitic, 194, 203. See
alsoparasites
hemadsorption in cell culture, 122
hemagglutination / syphilis test, 101,
102
hemoglobin, 61
hemolysins, 61, 62, 152
hemolysis / A-hemolytic
in blood agar, 61, 62
and nonhemoltic on CAN with
sheep blood agar, 9
of three throat cultures, 26
hepatitis, 212
herpes simplex viruses (HSV), 121,
122
Herpesviridae, 121
heterocysts, 125, 126
Heterokontophyta, 170, 171–172
heterotrophs / heterophy / hetero kont,
171, 174, 177, 178, 231
Histoplasma capsulatum, 191
HIV (human immunodeficiency
virus), 119–120
tests for, 103, 105, 106–108, 119
hookworms, 213–215
americanus, 213
duodenale, 213
hormones HCG and LH, 103
Hugh and Leifson’s O–F medium,
89
human chorionic gonadotropin, 103
hydatid cyst, 208
Hydrocdictyon, 175
hydrogenosomes, 169
hydrogen peroxide (H
2O
2)
production, 63
hydrogen sulfide / hydrogen sulfide
gas, 75, 76, 80, 94, 95
hydrolysis, 63, 79, 97, 231
Hymenolepis
diminuta, 209
nana, 209
hyperthermophiles, 123
hyphae (in fungi), 178, 179
immune
response, 65, 150, 157
system and cells, 134, 241–242
immunodiffusion test, 100
IMViC, 64, 82, 98
indicator. See pH and pH indicators
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFA)
Test, 119
Indole Test, 74–75
influenza viruses, 106, 122
inoculating needles and loops, 65
intestinal disorders. See gastro -
intestinal
Iodamoeba bütschlii, 202
iodine, 93
Irgasan
®
, 15
isolation techniques, 5–6, 8, 10
Ixodes dammini, 196
254 AA Photographic Atlas for the Microbiology Laboratory