Audio visual Aids - Education Technology

Audio visual Aids - Projected and non projected aids

1. Audio Visual Aids Suresh Babu G Assistant Professor

2. Audio- Visual A ids Audio- visual aids are instructional devices which are used to communicate messages more effectively through sound and visuals. Audio-visual aids help in stimulating the sensory organs like ears and eyes and facilitate quick comprehension of the message by the audience.

3. Definitions of Audio – Visual Aids “Audio Visual aids are any device which can be used to make the learning experience more concrete more realistic and more dynamic” Kindar.S.James Audio-Visual Aids are those sensory objects or images which initiate or stimulate and reinforce learning - Burton

4. Characteristics Relevancy Useful and purposeful teaching Accuracy Interest Minimize verbalism Comprehensibility Motivation Realism

5. Objectives of using Audio-Visual Aids To enhance teachers skills which help to make teaching-learning process effective Make learners active in the classroom Communicate them according to their capabilities Develop lesson plan and build interest To make students good observer Develop easy and understandable learning material Follow child cornered learning process Involve intimation in objectives To create interest in different groups To make teaching process more effective

6. Purposes of A.V. Aids 1. To provide a basis for more effective perceptual and conceptual learning . 2. To initiate and sustain attention, concentration and personal involvement of the students in learning 3 . To provide concreteness, realism and life likeness in the teaching- learning situation . 4 . To bring the remote events of either space or time into the classroom. 5 . To increase the meaningfulness of abstract concepts. 6 . To gain practical skill. 7 . To introduce opportunity for situational or field types of learning.

7. Principles in the use of Audio Visual Aids Principle of selection Principles of preparation Principle of physical control Principles of proper presentation Principles of response Principle of evaluation

8. Characteristics of Good Teaching Aids They should be meaningful and purposeful They should be accurate in every aspect They should be simple They should be cheap They should be improvised as for as possible. They should be large enough to be properly seen by the students for whom they are meant

9. They should up-to-date They should be easily portable They should be according to the mental level of the students. They should motivate the learners Characteristics of Good Teaching Aids

10. Need and Significance of A.V. Aids Improve and make teaching effective . Enable the audience to look, listen and learn. Making learning interesting and profitable Quicken the phase of learning . Economies teacher’s effort. Foster / develop the knowledge. Add variety and newness to the lesson. Provide vicarious experience . Overcome possible hurdles during the act of teaching.

11. Bring expected behavioral changes among the learners. Stimulate curiosity. Provide concrete experience or direct contact with reality or serves as a source of information and life likeness in the teaching- learning situation. The student acquires clear, accurate and vivid image during the process of learning. Increase and sustain attention and concentration. Make personal involvement of the student in active learning and meet individual needs of the learners. Need and Significance of A.V. Aids

12. • Increase the meaningfulness of abstract concepts by stimulating correct thinking. • It can serve as an open window through which the student can view the world and its phenomena by bringing remote events into the classroom. • Provide an opportunity for situational type of learning, e.g. Field trips . Provision of active participation of the student and vicarious experiences encourage healthy interaction for the effective realization of teaching- learning objective. Facilitate and advance the process of applying what is learned to realistic performance and to the life situation. Need and Significance of A.V. Aids

13. • They direct, dramatize the experience. • Add interest and vitality to any training situation. • Positive transfer of learning and training and positive environment for creative discipline . Stimulate thinking and motivate action. Save time and energy. Change attitude or point of view of learners. Develop continuity of thought. Promotes scientific temper as students observe demonstrations and scientific phenomena . Visualize and make teaching more real; acts as an antidote to the disease of verbal instruction. Need and Significance of A.V. Aids

14. Advantages Its helps to make learning process more effective and conceptual. Its helps to grab the attention of students It builds interest and motivation teaching students learning process It enhance the energy level of teaching and students It is even better for over burden classrooms It provides students a realistic approach and experience

15. Disadvantages These are not essential for all instructional programmes. These are helpful in teaching, but they will not substitute teachers and books. Possible risks of ‘ Spectatorism ’ instead of attitude of thoughtful enquiry . It requires more time for planning and preparing. Tempts the teachers to narrow down the subject. Audio Visual aids are not ends, but means . Some AV aids needs current power supply.

16. Classification of AV Aids Common classification Audio- Visual Aids Audio Aids Visual Aids Audio-visual Aids Language Laboratory Radio Sound System Tape recorder Bulletin board Chalk board Chart Drawing Exhibit Film strip Flash Card Flannel board Flip book Illustrated book Magnetic board Demonstration Film Printed Materials with sound Sound Film strip Study tour Television Videotapes Map Model Picture Poster Photograph Module Silent film S lide

17. Classification of AV Aids Based on it’s operation AV aids can be broadly divided into two Projected Aids Non -Projected Aids Audio- Visual Aids

18. Projected Aids Non - Projected Aids Graphic Aids Display Board 3 Dimensional Aids Audio Aids Activity Aids Films Filmstrip Opaque projector Overhead projector LCD DLP Slide Cartoon Charts Comics Diagrams Flash Card Graphs Maps Photographs Pictures Posters Black Board Bulletin Board Flannel Board Magnetic Board Peg Board IWB Models Exhibit Specimen Mockups Moulage Realia Diaromas Map Puppets Holograms Radio Recordings Television Computer Assisted Instruction Demonstration Drama Experimentation Field trips Programmed Instruction Teaching Machines Classification of AV Aids

19. Projected Aids

20. Projected Aids Projected visual aids are pictures shown upon a screen by the use of a certain type of machines.

21. Characteristics of Projected Aids They should be meaningful and purposeful They should be accurate in every aspects They should be simple They should be cheap They should be up to date They should be easily portable They should be according to the mental level of students They should be motivate the learners They should be large enough to be properly seen by the students for whom they are meant They should be improvised

22. Functions of Projected Aids They supply a concrete basis for conceptual thinking and hence, reduce meaningless word response of students. They have high degree of interest for students. They make learning more permanent. They offer a reality of experience which stimulates self-activity part of pupil. Develop continuity of thought; this is especially true of motion pictures. They provide experience not easily obtained through other materials and contribute to the efficiency, depth, and variety of learning.

23. Need and Importance of Projected Aids Motivate student’s mental and physical activity. Save time Help to bring the change in the atmosphere of the class. Help to develop scientific attitude and get training in scientific method. Large number of students can taught at a time. Most convenient, easy and natural way of learning. Make learning effective and durable Helps pupil to have clear conception of ideas, information, facts and principles.

24. Types of Projected Aids

25. Films and Filmstrip A film is the form of motion picture is considered to be valuable instructional aid. The film strip is a series of sequenced slides on a piece of film covering a large portion of a lesson ,20 to 50 slides or frames are on about half meters to one and half meters long film strip.

26. Opaque projector A device which displays opaque materials by shining a bright lamp onto the object / A system of mirrors, prisms and/or imaging lenses is used to focus an image of the material onto a viewing screen Projectors require brighter bulbs Larger lenses Care to be taken to prevent material damage Not very common Typically used to project images of book pages, drawings, mineral specimens, leaves, etc Artists’ enlargement tools Predecessor to the overhead projector

27. Overhead projector A device that projects an enlarged image of an acetate or other transparency placed on it on to a wall or screen by means of an overhead mirror. An overhead projector (OHP), like a film or slide projector, uses light to project an enlarged image on a screen, allowing the view of a small document or picture to be shared with a large audience.

28. liquid crystal  display ( LCD) An LCD projector is a type of video projector for displaying video, images or computer data on a screen or other flat surface. It is a modern equivalent of the slide projector or overhead projector.

29. Digital Light Processing ( DLP) DLP (Digital Light Processing) uses a chip made of tiny microscopic mirrors and a spinning colour wheel to create an image. DLP projectors deliver sharp images, don't need any filters, have a better response time as well as 3D capabilities.

30. DLP vs LCD DLP projectors provide sharp, high-quality projections with the potential for 3D capability as well. DLP projectors tend to have more mirrors and therefore more pixels to project your desired images and videos in higher definition. LCD projectors tend to be less expensive.

31. Slide A slide is a still transparency of 70mm, 35mm or 6mm size which is optically enlarged and projected on a screen as a real image  The film strip is a series of sequenced slides on a piece of film covering a large portion of a lesson , 20 to 50 slides or frames are on about half meters to one and half meters long film strip.

32. Non - Projected Aids

33. They allow instruction to move from abstract ideas to concrete experiences. Non-projected  visuals are the realia or real objects, model, still pictures, field trip and display materials. Non - Projected Aids

34. Non - Projected Aids

35. Graphic Aids

36. Cartoon It a simple drawing showing the features of its subjects in a humorously exaggerated way, especially a satirical one in a newspaper or magazine. It helps for making proper image to students.

37. Chart It is a sheet of information in the form of a table, graph, or diagram.

38. Types of Charts

39. Comics Comics is a medium used to express ideas with images, often combined with text or other visual information. It typically takes the form of a sequence of panels of images.

40. Diagram A diagram is a symbolic representation of information using visualization techniques.

41. Flash Cards A flashcard or flash card is a card bearing information on both sides, which is intended to be used as an aid in memorization. Each flashcard bears a question on one side and an answer on the other. 

42. Graphs A Graph is a non-linear data structure consisting of nodes and edges. The nodes are sometimes also referred to as vertices and the edges are lines or arcs that connect any two nodes in the graph.

43. Maps A map is a symbolic depiction emphasizing relationships between elements of some space, such as objects, regions, or themes.

44. Photographs A photograph or photo is an image created by light falling on a light-sensitive surface.

45. Pictures It is a painting or drawing which helps for learning.

46. Poster A poster is a very useful means of making an announcement or appeal, issuing a notice, advertising a product or bringing about awareness on any issue of public interest.

47. Display Board

48. Black Board A blackboard (also known as a chalkboard) is a reusable writing surface on which text or drawings are made with sticks of calcium sulfate or calcium carbonate, known, when used for this purpose, as chalk.

49. Bulletin Board A bulletin board ( pinboard , pin board,  noticeboard , or notice board in British English) is a surface intended for the posting of public messages, for example, to advertise items wanted or for sale, announce events, or provide information. 

50. Flannel Board A flannel board is a display made up of wood, cardboard or strawboard covered with color flannel or woolen cloth. A display board covered with flannel or felt to which suitably backed matter (as for the illustration of a lesson or lecture) adheres when pressed firmly in contact.

51. Magnetic Board Sheets of ferromagnetic material with specially-painted light surfaces on which material can be written or drawn using suitable markers or pens.

52. Peg Board A board having a regular pattern of small holes for pegs, used chiefly for games or the display of information.

53.   Interactive White Board ( IWB) An interactive whiteboard (IWB), also known as interactive board or smart board, is a large interactive display board in the form factor of a whiteboard. It can either be a standalone touch screen computer used independently to perform tasks and operations, or a connectable apparatus used as a touchpad to control computers from a projector.

54. Three Dimensional Aids

55. Model Model has a three-dimensional effect on the mind of the students. They are the replica of the real subject matter. Sometimes clay, paper, plaster of Paris and varieties colour can be added to make suitable models of different objects.

56. Exhibit It means publicly display (a work of art or item of interest) in an art gallery.

57. Specimen It is an individual animal, plant, piece of a mineral, etc. used as an example of its species or type for scientific study or display. It is used to refer humorously to a person or animal.

58. Mockups It is an arrangement of a real device or associated devices, displayed in such a way that representation of reality is created. It is a special model where parts or a model is singled out, heightened, and magnified in or focus on that part .

59. Moulage Moulage  (French: casting/moulding) is the art of applying mock injuries for the purpose of training emergency response teams and other medical and military personnel.

60. Realia   Realia  refers to authentic objects from real life that one uses in the classroom to  teach  a specific concept.  Realia  can be both physical and virtual, as long as it is something used in the real world (rather than created specifically for an ESL class).

61. Diaromas A diorama is often used as a learning tool to help show a student's understanding of a certain subject matter. In reality, a diorama is much more. A diorama is a three-dimensional scene used to creatively express learning.

62. Puppets Puppets can be used to stimulate conversations and encourage shy children to communicate, making them more confident. Puppets can meet the emotional needs of children by being their friend when they feel lonely.   Puppets can also assist children having special educational need

63.   Holograms Holography is a photographic technique that records the light scattered from an object, and then presents it in a way that appears three-dimensional. Holograms pop up in movies such as "Star Wars" and "Iron Man," but the technology has not quite caught up to movie magic — yet. Here students can actually view the concepts that are taught and visualize them during class. 

64. Audio Aids

65. Radio Radio is the technology of signaling and communicating using radio waves. ... They are generated by an electronic device called a transmitter connected to an antenna which radiates the waves, and received by another antenna connected to a radio receiver. Educational radio is the term given to the medium's use in formal learning systems, whether primary or higher education.

66. Recording Recording the act or practice of a person or thing that records. sound recorded on a disk or tape. a disk or tape on which something is recorded. Student learn according to his learning capabilities. It is easily accessible and helps student during the self studies.

67. Television Television (TV), sometimes shortened to  tele  or telly, is a telecommunication medium used for  transmitting moving images in monochrome (black and white), or in color , and in two or three dimensions and sound. The term can refer to a television set, a television show, or the medium of television transmission. The power of television in the classroom could potentially be harnessed to allow people to relate to their studies easier, and have a more enjoyable time doing it.

68. Activity Aids

69. Computer Assisted Instruction Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) is an interactive instructional technique whereby a computer is used to present the instructional material and monitor the learning that takes place. CAI uses a combination of text, graphics, sound and video in enhancing the learning process .

70. Demonstration It is an act of showing that something exists or is true by giving proof or evidence. Demonstration of learning is complicated by the fact that educators use many different terms when referring to the general concept, and the terms may or may not be used synonymously from place to place.

71. Drama Drama  is a  teaching  tool that allows students to participate, demonstrate, and observe in a "controlled," or non-threatening, environment. At the same time,  drama  helps students get in touch with their creativity and spontaneity as well as to develop confidence in the expression of their ideas.

72. Experimentation All experiments involve collecting observations or observing actions to try to answer a question or solve a problem. Classroom experiments do this as part of a class to help students learn more about the material they are studying.

73. Field Trips It is a trip made by students or research workers to study something at first hand. The purpose of the trip is usually observation for education, non-experimental research or to provide students with experiences outside their everyday activities, such as going camping with teachers and their classmates.

74. Programmed Instruction Programmed instruction is a method of presenting new subject matters to students in a graded sequence of controlled steps.

75. Teaching Machines Teaching machines were originally mechanical devices that presented educational materials and taught students.  All teaching machines depend on a program, that is, a series of questions presented that provide a student with a certain amount of challenge as well as a chance to learn.

76. Thanks