Authorized Gas Tester AGT'S,Authorized Gas Tester AGT'S

Authorized Gas Tester

1. Presenter Name Presenter Title Issue 1 January 2018 Authorized Gas Tester Training

2. 1 Introduce yourselves…giving your name, your job, your location and one thing you hope to learn or clarify in this course

3. 2 Safety Briefing

4. 3 GROUND RULES Cell phones & PDAs off Use breaks for communications Be present & Participate fully

5. 4 A railcar Cleaning Service company sent two employees into the rail car to work without monitoring the air continuously for explosive hazards as required, nor providing the employees with emergency retrieval equipment. The explosion blew the rail car’s escape ladder off and killed the two men, trapping one inside and hurling the other off the top of the car. A third employee was also injured. The workers who died were Dallas Foulk (40) and Adrian LaPour (44) April 2014

6. 5 During this course participants will gain an understanding of the hazards in confined spaces and what they can do as an authorized gas tester to make it safe Objective Authorized Gas Tester

7. 6 Introduction to Gas Testing Confined Spaces Gas Detectors and their uses Permit to Work System AGENDA Authorized Gas Tester

8. INTRODUCTION TO GAS TESTING

9. 8 Q. Who can carry out gas testing? A. Only those people certified by attending Authorized Gas Tester training can certify a gas test. INTRODUCTION TO GAS TESTING

10. 9 The following abbreviations are used: AGT - Authorized Gas Tester CH 4 - Methane (a flammable hydrocarbon gas ) H 2 S - Hydrogen Sulphide (a toxic gas ) LEL - Lower Explosive Limit UEL - Upper Explosive Limit ppm - Parts per million INTRODUCTION TO GAS TESTING

11. 10 Why do we test for gas in a confined space? There are THREE reasons why we do gas tests: 1. To make sure there are no toxic (poisonous) gasses present in the air, and that the atmosphere is safe to breathe 2. To make sure there is sufficient Oxygen in the air to support life 3. To make sure there are no explosive gasses, and so minimize the possibility of an explosion happening

12. 11 Which toxic gases do we test for in confined space ? Why do we test for gas in a confined space? We test for the following: H 2 S and SO 2 under certain circumstances, it is possible that these toxic gasses can be found in the atmosphere. Oxygen (O 2 ) Before we enter any ‘ Confined Space ’, we must make sure there is sufficient life supporting oxygen to support human life.

13. 12 Where should we expect to find explosive gas? Voids/cofferdams Casing vents Drain valves Empty flow lines BOP Area Mud Tanks Flanges Low points Sludge Open pits/ditches High points Open drains

14. 13 Know your Limits UEL: LEL : Upper Explosive Limit Lower Explosive Limit

15. 14 The lower explosive limit ( LEL) refers to the lowest concentration of a gas in the atmosphere which results in a combustible mixture. For example, the LEL of Methane in Air is 5% by volume . T his means that if there is less than 5% by volume of Methane in air the mixture is too lean to support combustion. W hen Methane Gas Test equipment indicates 100% LEL, there is 5% by volume of Methane in the test atmosphere. 14 Know your Limits

16. 15 The Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) refers to the highest concentration of a gas in the atmosphere which results in a combustible mixture. For example, the UEL of Methane in air is 15 % by volume, which means that if there is more than 15% of Methane in the air by volume the mixture is too rich to support combustion. Know your Limits

17. 16 IMPORTANT! Too much gas ( not enough oxygen to support combustion ) Not enough gas 15 100 5 Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) Explosive Range (for Methane) % Methane (CH 4 ) IN Air Know your Limits (to create an explosion)

18. 17 UEL If an atmosphere exceeds the UEL, then as the gas slowly disperses, it will have to pass through its ‘explosive range’ before it gets to its LEL. This is a very dangerous time! Know your Limits

19. 18 For most practical Gas Testing purposes it is the LEL which is significant . The AGT is responsible for recording the percentage of LEL for the specific flammable gas being tested on the permit. Know your Limits

20. 19 Substance LEL (VOL %) UEL (VOL%) Acetone 2.15 13 Acetylene 2.4 88 Butane 1.5 8.5 Ethane 3 15.5 Ethylene 2.7 34 Hexane 1.2 7.4 Methane 5 15 H2S 4 46 Know your Limits

21. 20 The two main toxic gasses we are concerned with: SULPHUR DIOXIDE SO 2 HYDROGEN SULPHIDE (SULFIDE) H 2 S Important Note: H 2 S is ALSO EXPLOSIVE TOXIC GASES

22. 21 Main Characteristics of H 2 S: Potentially lethal Colourless Heavier than air Readily dispersed by wind or air currents Flammable - burns with a blue flame Odour of rotten eggs (below concentration of 100ppm ) Highly corrosive to certain materials (e.g. steel ) TOXIC GASES

23. 22 H 2 S is measured in Percent or PPM (Parts per million) It is possible for the Gas to contain up to 0.85 % H 2 S 0.85% = 8,500ppm TOXIC GASES

24. 23 Sulfur Dioxide SO 2 Sulfur Dioxide is not combustible but it is hazardous to health Low level alarm 2ppm High Level alarm 5 ppm TOXIC GASES

25. End of Section 1 24

26. Confined Spaces

27. 26

28. 27 What is Confined Space ? A space shall be considered a confined space if it exhibits any one of the following characteristics: Limited access or exit L imited entrance and exits Not designed for people to work in continuously

29. 28 POTENTIAL HAZARDS IN CONFINED SPACES TOXIC OR FLAMMABLE GASES LOW OXYGEN CONTENT ROTATING OR MOVING EQUIPMENT NOT ISOLATED FLUID OR GAS INLETS OR OUTLETS NOT ISOLATED RESIDUE FROM PREVIOUS CONTENTS SLIP TRIP OR FALL HAZARDS LACK OF ADEQUATE LIGHTING

30. 29 OXYGEN Oxygen content may be low or absent due to a variety of reasons Purging with Inert Gas such as nitrogen Displacement by other gases from adjoining plant area Depletion due to oxidation ( rusting ) of metals Depletion due to fire or welding / cutting process Low Oxygen remains the single biggest hazard in Confined Spaces

31. 30 DANGEROUS CIRCUMSTANCES Gas or vapor from adjoining plant due to ineffective isolation Fumes emitted when sludge deposits are disturbed during inspection / cleaning...

32. 31 Fumes produced by an operation inside a confined space, e.g. welding, flame cutting, lead lining, rubber lining, brush and spray painting, molding GRP (fiberglass), use of adhesives, solvents, etc. The production or combustion of various fuels DANGEROUS CIRCUMSTANCES

33. 32 TESTING CONFINED SPACES The tests should check for the presence of gas or toxic fumes and the content of Oxygen

34. 33 The tests must start from outside the confined space and/or the AGT must wear a SCBA TESTING CONFINED SPACES

35. 34 Never enter in a confined space without a stand-by man TESTING CONFINED SPACES

36. 35 It is mandatory that the tripod will be available at the entrance and the AGT has to wear a safety harness on entry Confined Spaces

37. 36 Acceptable atmospheric test results Oxygen Content: The acceptable test result for confined space entry shall be a reading of 20.0–21.0% oxygen by volume . (A space that has less than 19.5% oxygen by volume is considered oxygen deficient. A space that has more than 22% oxygen by volume is considered oxygen enriched). Confined Spaces

38. 37 Acceptable atmospheric test results Flammable Gas Content: The only acceptable test result of flammable gas content for confined space entry and hot work shall be 0% LEL (Lower Explosive Limit). (A space that contains more than 10% LEL is considered highly flammable). Note: All spaces adjacent to spaces approved for hot work shall be tested and must be less than 10% LEL to allow hot work within the approved space to proceed. Confined Spaces

39. 38 Acceptable atmospheric test results Toxic Gas Content: The only acceptable test result for confined spaces that contain toxic contaminants (H 2 S, CO, etc ) is ½ or less of the accepted TLV (Threshold Limit Value) or PEL (Permissible Exposure Level) – whichever is lower – for the specific toxic contaminant. One half of the PEL for H 2 S is 5ppm (parts per million) and one half of the PEL for CO is 13ppm. A space that contains toxic contaminants that exceed the TLV/PEL shall be considered highly toxic. Confined Spaces

40. 39 Acceptable atmospheric/confined spaces test results Substance Atmosphere Confined Space Oxygen 19.5–21.0% 20 –21.0% LEL 10% LEL 0% Hydrogen Sulfide 10ppm 5ppm Carbon Monoxide 26ppm 13ppm Confined Spaces

41. End of Section 40

42. Gas Detector

43. 42 L.E.L - 0% 2 - 20.8 % C0 - 0 PPM H 2 S - 0 PPM Gas Detector

44. 43 What is self testing? The first thing to remember is to perform Self Testing Gas Detector

45. 44 Self testing is where you start the multi gas detector and it calibrates itself to the values of the atmosphere. Gas Detector

46. 45 Gas tester must be re-calibrated every 6 months, or after having shown a great amount of gas Gas Detector

47. 46 Meters must be calibrated IN ACCORDANCE WITH MANUFACTURERS RECOMMENDATIONS (normally every 6 months) by AN AUTHORISED AGENT . Do not use meters without an in-date calibration sticker or certificate. Gas Detector

48. 47 Gas detectors with telescopic probe/Hose The battery charge will be reduced by running the pump. Make sure no liquids are allowed to enter the probe because it will damage the sensor heads Gas Detector

49. End of Section 48

50. Presenter Name Presenter Title Day Month Year Permit to Work

51. 50

52. 51 CHECK YOUR PERMIT! Section 1 (Issuing of the permit)

53. 52 CHECK YOUR PERMIT! Section 2 (C losing/Termination of the permit . )

54. 53 CHECK YOUR PERMIT! 102 809 Rig Yard BOP Area 4/Nov/2017 10:00 John Smith ( Assistant Driller.)

55. 54 CHECK YOUR PERMIT! 102 809 Rig Yard BOP Area 4/Nov/2017 10:00 John Smith ( Assistant Driller.) x Crane operations Move BOP’s

56. 55 CHECK YOUR PERMIT! As per JHA CN-004

57. 56 CHECK YOUR PERMIT! 08:00 4/Nov/2017 ? John Smith ( Assistant Driller.) John Doe( STP.) ?

58. 57 CHECK YOUR PERMIT! JEFFRY RALF ARIF ARUN ERICK X John Smith Each Individual signatures X X X ? Permit Holders Signature X X X X No Comments John Smith Signature Assistant Driller N/A

59. 58 CHECK YOUR PERMIT! X John Smith Signature Job is completed. John Doe( STP.) Signature 4/Nov/2017 18:00 ? ? Job is completed.

60. 59 CHECK YOUR PERMIT! 08:00 4/Nov/2017 John Smith ( Assistant Driller.) John Doe( STP.) ? 4/Nov/2017 18:00

61. 60 CHECK YOUR PERMIT! X X X X Job went well John Smith (AD) Permit Holders Signature

62. 61

63. 62 Maximum validity is 12 hours or at shift change, but isolations must remain in place if job not completed (isolation continuity). PTW display: Original copy is displayed at Worksite (in plastic sleeve) 1 copy at PTW station (STP/STC)& 1 copy to Company Man if required. Log all permits in rig PTW Log Book(STC) All information printed in PTW should be clear and readable No nick names or initials to identify participants CHECK YOUR PERMIT! PTW display station

64. 63 Understand the hazards of confined spaces Understand why do we do gas testing before allowing employees to enter and work in confined spaces Know the properties of hazardous gases that can be found in confined space Be knowledgeable about the required equipment that we need to enter a confined space Efficiently use a multi gas detector and conduct gas testing Understand how the PTW system works Summary

65. 64 Authorized Gas Tester Examination