Autobiography of frederick sanger double nobel prize winner

Autobiography of Frederick Sanger British biochemist double Noble prize winner as done major contributions to field of chemistry some of his works include structure of insulin and Recombinant DNA

1. Autobiography of Frederick Sanger Written and published By www.worldofchemicals.com

2. Biography & contributions Frederick Sanger was born on August 13, 1918 [Died on November 19, 2013] Sanger was British chemist and double Noble prize receiver He extensively worked on proteins like Insulin. Sanger determined base sequences in nucleic acid Nucleic acid bases include                 Pyrimidines  –  Adenine ;  Guanine                 Purines  –  Cytosine ;  Thymine ;  Uracil   He also worked on ‘recombinant DNA’ In 1967 sanger’s team determined sequence of 5S ribosomal RNA

3. Frederick Sanger awards list Awards list 1950, Fellow of the Royal Society 1951, Corday–Morgan Medal 1958, Nobel Prize in chemistry 1969, Royal Medal 1971, Gairdner Foundation International Award 1976, William Bate Hardy Prize 1977, Copley Medal 1978, G.W. Wheland Award 1979, Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize 1979, Albert Lasker Award 1980, Nobel Prize in chemistry 1994, Association of Bimolecular Resource Facilities Award

4. Recombinant DNA Recombinant DNA or rDNA is a class of artificial DNA that is created by combining two or more sequences. Peter Lobban was the first person introduce the recombinant DNA technology Recombinant DNA technology was made possible by the discovery, isolation and application of restriction endonucleases . In 1964 Sanger discovered other class of RNA I.e., tRNA

5. Recombinant DNA Cont.. In 1977 He proposed Sangers method of dideoxy chain-termination method for sequencing DNA molecules   He sequenced insulin protein Insulin Insulin  is central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, skeletal muscles, and fat tissue to absorb glucose from the blood. In the year of 1951 & 1952 Sanger determine the complete amino acid sequence of the two polypeptide chains of bovine insulin A and B.

6. Recombinant DNA Procedure Procedure   Sanger proved that proteins have a outlined chemical composition. For this method he used  Sanger reagent  or 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene [FDNB ] to react with the exposed N-terminal amino group at one end of the polypeptide chain. He then partially hydrolyzed the insulin into short peptides, either with hydrochloric acid or using an enzyme such as trypsin . The mixture of peptides was fractionated in two dimensions on a sheet of filter paper, first by electrophoresis in one dimension and then, perpendicular to that, by chromatography in the other. The different peptide fragments of insulin, detected with ninhydrin , moved to different positions on the paper, creating a distinct pattern called fingerprints.

7. Recombinant DNA Procedure Cont.. The peptide from the N-terminus could be recognized by the yellow colour imparted by the FDNB label and the identity of the labelled amino acid at the end of the peptide determined by complete acid hydrolysis and discovering which dinitrophenyl -amino acid was there . By repeating this type of procedure Sanger was able to determine the sequences of the many peptides generated using different methods for the initial partial hydrolysis.