Automatic And Semi Automatic Analyser Biochemistry

Automatic And Semi Automatic Analyser Biochemistry

1. CLASS-BMLT 3RD YEAR SUBJECT- INSTRUMENTATION Submitted By: Md Shams Tabrez Project On AUTOANALYZER AND SEMI AUTOANALYZER

2. AUTOANALYZER

3. AutoAnalyzer  is an  automated analyzer  using a special flow technique named "continuous flow analysis (CFA)" first made by the  Technicon Corporation. The Technicon AutoAnalyzer II is the world's best known and most successful Continuous Flow Automated Analyzer, and the instrument that most EPA methods reference. INTRODUCTION

4. The AutoAnalyzer SFA instrument was invented 1957 by Leonard Skeggs , PhD and commercialized by Jack Whitehead's Technicon ® Corporation. The first applications were for clinical analysis, but methods for industrial analysis soon followed. HISTORY

5. There are five parts of auto- Analyger .   The sample - It foled the sample a plastic or glass cups.   The pump - The pump poush the fluid a sample forward.It can be won’t at low an high speed.   Mixing chamber - In mixing chamber sample mixed with reagent by the vibration.   Incubater bath - In incubator chamber contain are incubate at 37 c° or c°.   PARTS OF AUTOANALZER

6. CLINICAL ANALYSIS AutoAnalyzers were used mainly for routine repetitive  medical laboratory  analyses, but they had been replaced during the last years more and more by discrete working systems which allow lower reagent consumption. INDUSTRIAL ANALYSIS The first industrial applications - mainly for water, soil extracts and fertilizer - used the same hardware and techniques as clinical methods, INSTRUMENTS

7. Segmented Flow Analyzer In a continuous flow analyzer, a peristaltic pump contains several tubes including one for the sample, one or more for various reagents and one or more to generate air bubbles. The pump tubes deliver into the "manifold" of junctions, coils and tubing where the reactions take place. OPERATING PRINCIPLE

8. Flow Injection Analyzer Flow Injection Analysis (FIA), conceived in 1975 by Ruzicka and Hansen, has been described in over 16,000 scientific papers [1]  and almost 20 monographs.

9. Dialyzer module In medical testing applications and industrial samples with high concentrations or interfering material, there is often a  dialyzer  module in the instrument in which the analyte permeates through the diaphragm into a separate flow path going on to further analysis.

10. Recording Of Results Previously a chart recorder and more recently a data logger or personal computer records the detector output as a function of time so that each sample output appears as a peak whose height depends on the analyte level in the sample.

11. Auto Analyzers are still used for a few clinical applications such as neonatal screening or Anti-D, but the majority of instruments are now used for industrial and environmental work. . CURRENT USES

12. Technicon published method sheets for a wide range of analyses and a few of these are listed below. These were for the AutoAnalyzer I, which was rather like a Meccano set and could be assembled by the user. METHOD SHEETS

13. AUTOMATED ANALYSERS 1/- Specimen preparation and identification 2/- Specimen measurement and delivery 3/- Reagent system and delivery 4/- Chemical reaction phase 5/- Measurement phase 6/- Signal processing and data handling

14. -Increase the number of tests performed by one individual in a given time period (short turn around time)….speeds up the result Human factor is decreased during the mechanical and repetitive part of an assay as labor is an expensive commodity in Medical laboratories. Disadvantages: -The machine does not allow test selection; all tests must be performed even if not requested. -The machine must run continuously even when there are no tests. ADVANTAGES TO AUTOMATING PROCEDURES

15. A centrifuge works by using the principal of sedimentation. Under the influence of gravitation force , substance separate according to their density. Working

16. -Automation will continue to evolve. -System integration and miniaturization with more technologically advanced computer power will persist to accommodate more portable analyzers for more precise testing. -Automated analyzers will have artificial intelligence where by the computer will “think” or make decisions if sufficiently programmed with infinite scenarios of data. FUTURE TRENDS IN AUTOMATION

17. Semi Autoanalysers

18. Basic equipment for photometric measurement. Based on the measurement of a coloured compounds in solution. Suitable for majority of chemistries. Colorimeter