automaticirrigatkkjjhva1-app6892 (1).pdf

Automatic irrigation system

1. Submitted by
JAGADEESH KUMAR
1602-14-744-005

2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF IRRIGATIONS
BLOCK DIAGRAM
SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR
COMPARATOR
MICROCONTROLLER
CONTROL UNIT
ADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION

3. BRIEFING
Irrigation is the artificial application of water to
the land or soil.
It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural
crops, maintenance of landscapes, and
revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and
during periods of inadequate rainfall.
irrigation also has a few other uses in crop
production, which include protecting plants
against frost.

4. TYPES OF IRRIGATIONS
Surface Irrigation
Drip Irrigation
Sprinkler Irrigation

5. PROBLEMS
OverIrrigation.
UnderIrrigation
FarmLands&Fieldssituatedmilesawayfromyour
home.Extensivetravelrequired,sometimesseveral
timesinadaytostart&stoptheirrigationwater
pumps.
Landismore,weneedmoremanpower.

6. BLOCK DIAGRAM

7. MOISTURE SENSOR
For conversion of change in resistance to change in voltage, the sensor is
connected with a 200 kΩresistor in series to form a potential divider
arrangement
It gives a voltage output corresponding to the conductivity of the soil. The
conductivity of soil varies depending upon the amount of moisture present in
it. It increases with increase in the water content of the soil. The higher the
water content in the soil, the lower the electrical resistance.
The voltage output is taken from the output terminal of this circuit. The
moisture sensor is immersed into the specimen soil whose moisture content is
under test.

8. COMPARATOR
For the comparator circuit, we are using IC LM 358 which has two
opamps.
We have selected two thresholds: 5 V for logic high and 3 V for logic
low. These two levels are set at the positive terminal of each opamp.
The output of the potential divider is given to the negative terminals of
the opamps.
The two opampsare arranged such that when the output of the
potential divider circuit falls below the preset value of lower opampthe
lower opampgives logic 0 and the upper opampgives logic 1.
When the output of potential divider circuit is in between range (5 V
and 3V), then both opampsgive logic 1 and when output of potential
divider circuit is above the set value of upper opamp, then the upper
opampgives logic 0 and lower opampgives logic 1.
The output of the comparator circuit is fed to SR Latch

9. COMPARATOR
S.no VOLTAGE
RANGE
SOIL
CONDITION
LOGIC OF
OPAMP 1
(UPPER)
LOGIC OF
OPAMP2
(LOWER)
1 >5V EXCESSWET 0 1
2 >3V& < 5V OPTIMUM 1 1
3 <3V DRY 1 0

10. SR LATCH
S.NO VOLTAGE
RANGE
SOIL
CONDITION
S R Q
1 >5V EXCESS
WET
1 0 0
2 >3V&<5VOPTIMU
M
1 1 0
1 1 1
3 <3V DRY 0 1 1

11. 89s52-CONTROLLER
8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory.
4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range.
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz.
256 x 8-bit Internal RAM.
32 Programmable I/O Lines.
Three 16-bit Timer/Counters.
Eight Interrupt Sources.
Full Duplex UART Serial Channel.
Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes.
Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode.
Watchdog Timer.
Power-off Flag.
Fast Programming Time

12. CONTROL UNIT
The basic operation of control unit is the
controlling solenoid by microcontroller which is
defined by particular program.
solenoid is connected with an output pin of
microcontroller via a relay circuit which is
connected with a transistor.

13. SOLENOID
Electromagnetic device which produces a magnetic
field when electric current passed through it.
These are used mainly in opening and closing of
valves.
Operation of valves is done using a relay circuit.

14. RELAY CIRCUIT
A relay is an electrical switch
that uses an electromagnet to
move the switch from the off
to on position instead of a
person moving the switch .

15. ADVANTAGES
This makes increase in productivity
Reduces water consumption
Reduces manpower
Much land will be irrigated

16. CONCLUSION
The Microcontroller based drip irrigation system
proves to be a real time feedback control system
which monitors and controls all the activities of drip
irrigation system efficiently. The present proposal is a
model to modernize the agriculture industries at a
mass scale with optimum expenditure. Using this
system, one can save manpower, water to improve
production and ultimately profit.