Automation in green house & growing media

automation, temperature, humidity, light intensity control in poly house under protected cultivation, fdifferent types of growing medis udsed

1. Protected cultivation- EC-24 (2+1) PRESENTED BY: RAKESH KUMAR PATTNAIK Asst. Prof. Horticulture MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Lecture 2. Automation in Greenhouses Dt.28.04.20

2. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Automation in Green House Automating the data acquisition process of the soil conditions and various climatic parameters that govern plant growth allows information to be collected with less labour requirements. BENEFITS Automatically control environmental conditions within greenhouse allowing any type of plants to grown all year round. Eliminates risk of greenhouse not being maintained at specific environmental conditions due to human error. Minimizes labour costs involved in maintaining a greenhouse. Customer able to define specific greenhouse conditions.

3. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES It is possible by using various sensor : Soil moisture detector Temperature indicator Humidity detector Automatic light controller

4. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES It mainly consists of following blocks: Sensors: ( temperature sensor, humidity sensor and light sensor ) Amplifier: ADC: (Convert analog from to digital form)

5. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Microcontroller: Reading the digital input from ADC which is derived from Temperature and Light sensor. Sending this data to LCD so that the person operating this project should read the values of temperature and light. Controlling the parameters like Temperature, light, turning On/Off the respective relays. Sending the values of temperature and light to the computer using serial port.

6. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Relay: Relay 1 (on - > Temperature) Relay 2 (on- >Humidity) DC Motors: 12-volt DC motors ( on -> light) 12-volt DC motors ( on-< moisture) PC Interfacing:

7. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES TYPES OF GROWING MEDIA, SOIL PREPARATION AND SUBSTRATE MANAGEMENT IN POLYHOUSES FOR GROWING CROPS Soil mixes used for greenhouse production of potted plants and cut flowers are highly modified mixtures of soil, organic and inorganic materials. Improve the water holding capacity Aeration of the potting soil Media preparation for greenhouse production: Good balance between physical properties ( water holding capacity and porosity ). Well drained. Medium should not too compact. Should not be highly porous

8. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES pH of 5.0 to 7.0 and the soluble salt (EC) level of 0.4 to 1.4 ds/m. Low media pH (<5.0) leads to toxicity of micronutrients such as iron, zinc, manganese and copper while a high pH (>7.5) causes deficiency of micronutrients including boron. Low pH - amendments like lime (calcium carbonate) and dolomite (ca-mg carbonate) and basic, fertilizers like calcium nitrate, calcium cyanamide, sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate. High pH of the media can be reduced by amendments like Sulphur, gypsum.

9. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Gravel culture Soft- or hard-coal cinders Haydite (shale and clay fused at high temperatures), Limestone chips, Calcareous gravel Silica gravel, Crushed granite

10. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Desirable nutrient level in greenhouse growth media:     Concentration (mg/l) S. No. Category NO3 N P K   Transplants 75 125 10-15 250-300 2.  Young pot & foliage plants 50 90 6-10 150-200 3.  Plants in beds 125 225 10-15 200-300

11. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Media ingredients and Mix PEAT SPHAGNUM MOSS VERMICULITE PERLITE RED SOIL MANURE

12. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Pasteurization of greenhouse plant growing media Agent Method Recommendation Heat Steam 30 min at 180 F Methyl bromide 10 ml/cu. ft. of medium Cover with gas proof cover for 24-48 hr Aerate for 24-28 hr before use. Chloropicrin 3-5 ml/cu. ft. of medium Cover for 1-3 days with gas proof cover after sprinkling with water, Aerate for 14 days or until no odour is detected before using Basamid 8.0 g/ cu.ft . of medium Cover for 7 days with gas proof cover and aerate for atleast a week before use Formalin 20 m1/1 of water (37%) Apply 2 1/ cu.ft cover for 14 to 36 hr and aerate for at least 14 days.

13. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Fumigation in greenhouse: Physical propagation facilities such as the propagation room, containers, flats, knives, working surface, benches etc. Disinfected using one part of formalin in fifty parts of water or one-part sodium hypochlorite in nine parts of water. Insecticide such as Dichlorvos . Trisodium phosphate or potassium permanganate placed at the entry of the greenhouse