Automation in Power Sector-Dr.Priyabrata Patnaik,OERC.ppt

Automation in Power Sector improves efficiency and reliability and helps in Energy Transition.All the link in Power value chain needs automation.

1. AUTOMATION IN POWER SECTOR
DR. PRIYABRATA PATTNAIK
SECRETARY, OERC
DT: 24.05.2024

2. OVERVIEW:
Electricity Sector in India
Status of Generation & Transmission
as on 31.03.2024
Total Installed Capacity426 GW
Total Generation Capacity1746 BU
Transmission Network4,81,326
Ckt.Km
Transformation Capacity12,25,260
MVA

4. OVERVIEW:
Electricity Sector in Odisha
Transmission Network (OPTCL) as on 20.05.2024
132 kV220 kV400 kVTotal
GSS 142 47 5 194
Ckt.Km.8480 6831 1197 16508
MVA 10221 12272 3835 26328
DistributionSector as on 31.03.2023
LT HT EHT Total
Consumers 9561675165581469578379
MU (FY 23) 108166155994426914
Rs.Cr(FY 23)110115017766723694

5. CHALLENGES
Distributionnetworkwhichisnotadequateandhealthy.
Obsolete&incompatibleinfrastructureatsubtransmissionanddistributionlevel.
Poorforecasting&powerprocurementplanningleadingtoexpensivetransactions.
Capabilityconstraintsofpresentworkforceincludingtechnologybarrier.

6. SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA
ACQUISITION (SCADA)
Softwareapplicationforacquiringdataonrealtime
basisfromeachconnectednetworkequipment.
Facilitatescontrolcenterinmakingdecisionson
switchingoperationremotelyforfasteraction.
Fastersupplyrestoration,enhancedsafety,improved
reliabilityindices,unmannedgridsubstations.
Total PSS in Odisha as on 20.05.2024 1186
SCADAintegrated PSS 648
Total GSS in Odisha as on 20.05.2024 194
SCADAintegrated GSS 73

7. Automatic Generation Control
(AGC)
Itisasystemforadjustingthepoweroutputof
multiplegeneratorsatdifferentpowerplants,in
responsetochangesintheload.
Sinceapowergridrequiresthatgenerationand
loadcloselybalancemomentbymoment,frequent
adjustmentstotheoutputofgeneratorsare
necessary.
Thebalancecanbejudgedbymeasuring
thesystemfrequency;ifitisincreasing,more
powerisbeinggeneratedthanused,whichcauses
allthemachinesinthesystemtoaccelerate.
Ifthesystemfrequencyisdecreasing,moreloadis
onthesystemthantheinstantaneousgeneration
canprovide,whichcausesallgeneratorstoslow
down.

8. Phasor Measurement Units
(PMU)
PMUsarehigh-speedsensorsthatmeasure
voltage&currentsynchrophasorsofpower
systemwithaccuracyintheorderofone
microsecond.
Currentlyinstalledatallgeneratingstations&
monitoredfromSLDC.
PostDisturbanceanalysis:Frequencyresponse
duringanycontingencyiscarriedout.
Proposalfor21NodalpointsatdifferentGrid
Sub-stationsencompassing67numbersoflines
of400kV,220kVand132kV.

9. Automatic Demand Management Scheme
(ADMS)
AsperCERCDSMGuidelines,theOverDrawl/UnderDrawlofpowerbyanentityhastobemaintained
withinlimitsof100MWor10%ofschedulewhicheverislower.
Therefore,ADMSwasrequiredtobedevelopedandimplementedon4DISCOMsofOdisha.
AtSLDC,thelogichasbeendevelopedwithconfigurablevariablessuchasSystemFrequency,Odishaover-
drawl,DISCOMover-drawl,Group&SubstationforADMSScheme.
Benefits include:
-Improvement in System reliability and stability by reducing over drawl from the system.
-Strengthening of Grid security.
-Load generation balanced automatically in any emergency situations like loss of major Generation.
-Avoids manual demand management during overdrawl at low frequency which takes longer response time.

10. Automatic Demand Management Scheme
(ADMS) –contd.
Thelogicis:SystemFrequency<49.90Hz;Odishaover-drawl>150MW;DISCOMover-drawl>(40MW).
Ifaboveconditionpersistsfor00to05minutesinablockperiodwithaveragedata,thentrippingcommandisgenerated
at06
th
minuteforFirstgroup.(e.g.G1)ofaparticularDISCOM.Thatwillcoverallthesub-stationunderthisgroup(Time
canbevariedfrom0minutesto15minutesandconfigurable).
Aftertrippingoffirstgroupoffeeders,iftheoverdrawlofthatparticularDiscomagainpersistsfor2minutes,i.e.over
40MWandothertwoconditionsaretrue(SystemFrequency<49.90Hz&Odishaoverdrawlismorethan150MW),then
trippingcommandisinitiatedfornextgroupandthisprocesswillcontinuetillthegivenlogichasbeensatisfiedinround
robin(timealsobeconfigurableinsoftware).
IftheoverdrawlofaDiscomcomesbelow40MWaftertrippingofagroupoffeeders,thenfornextinstanceofover
drawl,thelogiccomparisonperiodwillbe05minutes(i.e.beginningfromstarttimeofnextblockperiod).
Groupcanbeadded/modifiedfrommainSLDCserver.Theabovelogicisconfigurable.

11. SUBSTATION AUTOMATION SYSTEM
(SAS)
SASisacollectionofhardwareandsoftwarecomponents
tomonitor&controlanelectricalsystem,bothlocally&
remotely.
Automatesrepetitive,tediousanderror-proneactivitiesto
increaseefficiencyandproductivity.
Amountofdataavailableis10timesmoreinSASas
comparedtoconventionalsubstations.
Provisionforreconfigurationsthatrequirethechangeof
settingsremotely.
Remotemaintenanceoftherelaysintermsofchangeof
settings,breaker,isolator.

12. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
(GIS)
SoftwarecontainingGeocoordinates,network
topology,consumerlocation&indexing.
Allnewassetscanbemappedandmanagedwhere
informationflowsfromGIStoSAP&viceversa.
Consumermappingforverificationofdues&
technicalfeasibilitybeforereleasingnewconnection.
ConsumermappingwithPoleNo.isutilizedfor
carryingoutenergyauditatvariousservicelevel.
Networkmappingutilizedforcarryingoutplanning
ofnewnetwork&optimizationofresources.
Trackingofvehicledevicesresultinginenhanced
productivityandadoptionofshortestroute.

13. Itisanelectronicdevicethatrecordsinformationsuchasconsumptionofelectricenergy,voltagelevels,
current,powerfactor&communicatestheinformationtoconsumer&electricitysuppliers.
AdvancedMeteringInfrastructure(AMI)enablestwo-waycommunicationbetweenthemeterandthe
supplierincontrasttoAutomaticMeterReading(AMR).
Benefitsincludereal-timeenergyconsumptionmonitoring,meterreadingcollectionremotely,increased
billingaccuracyandreducingtheft.
Disadvantageslikehigherinitialcost,cybersecuritythreats,increasedelectronicwaste,highlydependent
onnetworkstrengthandthereforenotsuitableinremoteruralareas.
SMART METERS

14. ElectricalGridwithAutomation,Communication
andITsystemsthatcanmonitorpowerflowsfrom
pointsofgenerationtopointsofconsumption(even
downtoapplianceslevel).
Controlpowerflow/curtailloadtomatchgeneration
inrealtimeornearrealtime.
CanbeachievedbyimplementingefficientT&D
systems,systemoperations,consumerintegration&
renewableintegration.
ReduceT&Dlosses,managePeakload,improve
qualityofService,increasereliability,betterasset
management,betteraccessibilitytoelectricity&
leadtoself-healinggrids.
Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G)isalsopartofSmartGrid.
ToDtariff
SMART GRID

15. CONCLUSION
IncreasedEfficiency
ReductionofLosses
AdoptionofSmartGrids
PredictiveMaintenance
ImprovedSafety
AugmentingRenewables
EnhancedReliability
GridOptimization
EnergyEfficiency

16. Pan India Lights Off Event
(9 PM 9 Minutes) on 5th April 2020

17. Generation vs. Demand of Odisha
Pan India Lights Off Event

18. Generation vs. Demand of Odisha
Pan India Lights Off Event
20:45 Hrs: 3080 MW
21:00 Hrs: 2216 MW
21:05 Hrs: 1749 MW
21:15 Hrs: 2365 MW