Automation report by government polytechnic students

Automation report by government polytechnic students

2. CONTENT
•What is report Automation?
•Automation System in the age of industries
•Basic principal of sensor
•Electrical and pneumatic actuator
•Basic Principles of PLC Programming
•Basic principles of IOT
•Real time Software Simulation interfacing

3. What is report Automation?
•Report automation is the process of having business reports automatically updated and delivered
through platforms on a specified schedule. It includes data being automatically extracted,
visualizations being automatically updated, and reports being automatically shared without
anyone having to manually do this work every time. It’s delivering business insights to users and
top management without extra labor.

4. Benefits of report automation for your company
•Automating reports can positively impact not just select individuals or teams, but your entire
organization.
•1. It cuts down time and effort for your data team
•Sending out the same report to various individuals across an org manually is time-consuming
and adds on a lot of menial labor. Automating reports cuts down the time and effort of
redundant tasks—especially impactful for small data teams.
•2. It increases productivity
•With less time spent on repetitive and manual data sharing tasks, data teams are able to spend
more time on actual analysis.
•3. It saves costs
•Saving time saves money. Analysts don’t have to spend chunks of their day on a task that can easily
be
automated.
•4. It increases real-time decision-making
•With automatically refreshed data that's shared out to teams across an org., stakeholders and
management teams can have accurate data at their fingertips.

5. •5. It makes data more accessible
•Having reports automatically sent out on a regular cadence can give teams consistent access and
visibility to key metrics and helps in democratizing data.

6. Automation in industry 4.0
•What is it and how does it work?
4.0 Automation technologies, through IIoT (‘Industrial
Internet of Things’) connect, control and monitor networks of gadgets,
devices, machines, robots and cloud information in real time (via ‘Cloud
Monitoring’). This way it allows them to learn, operate and
function automatically, minimising human intervention and optimising
production.

7. The role of automation in Industry 4.0
•For automated production to unlock its value, it must be implemented as a comprehensive
solution that encompasses all of the firm’s processes, making it possible for information to
flow through all its parts.
•The added value of Industry 4.0 automation no longer focuses solely on its efficiency and
profitability, but on an increasing flexibility and substantial improvement of the manufacturing
processes’ quality, significantly reducing task margins of error. Digital Twins monitor the
process lifecycle, exercising virtual models that serve as the basis for making sound decisions.
In processes where the margin of error can reach up to 10% when the work is carried out by a
human, a process automation platform could reduce it to up to 0.00001%.

8. Advantages of automation in Industry 4.0
•The main benefits of automation in Industry 4.0 are the following:
•Cost efficiency: Reduces labour costs, automating portions of processes that do not require
human judgment to leverage human creativity in obtaining new skills and activities where
required. In addition, Virtual and/or Augmented reality technologies facilitate learning
processes and improve productive organisation models.
•Competitive advantages: Standardisation and automatic redesign of procedures, making them
constant and accurate, being able to operate 24/7. As a result, increased productivity, capacity and
process quality, minimizing inaccuracies and the cost of downtime.
•Scalability and flexibility: Adding or changing tasks requires training for a human operator, while
Robots and devices are
reconfigurable and can be accurately programmed in a tight time frame, thus reducing process
execution and response time.
•Time reduction: Reduced information processing times. The platforms with which automation
works have a large capacity for the storage and management of data derived from processes.
•Utmost safety: The production line can assign machines and/or robots to hazardous tasks that
pose a high risk to staff. In addition, advanced comprehensive security controls can be

9. implemented for equipment, components, people, and systems. Cybersecurity is one of the
essential technologies to safeguard companies’ privacy.
•Improved control: These types of processes are monitored and recorded, which generates ‘Big
Data’; valuable information to identify patterns, improve processes, and implement changes to
prevent future events. In addition, process optimization opens the door to ‘insourcing’. This
infrastructure centralization improves data quality and consistency and leads to analytical
improvements.

10. Automation challenges in Industry 4.0
•Although automation 4.0 has a high potential for companies, it is necessary to be aware and
assess the challenges posed by this new business model:
•Investment and infrastructure: Adapting the existing infrastructure to the new one can be a
big challenge for companies, who will have to invest large sums of money and in many cases
get access to financing in order to acquire the necessary infrastructure and decide which
solutions will be the most profitable.
•Strategic Plan: The transition not only depends on investment in machinery and hardware, but
requires time, a change of mind set, an intelligent analysis and a detailed strategy that
maximises implementation and capitalises on the investment.
•Human factor: Smart devices are no longer working tools but have become an intelligent
workforce, so millions of jobs are predicted to be lost as a result of automation processes.
Society and large enterprises should therefore encourage continuous training for workers to
develop relevant digital skills that complement with this new type of industry.

11. The future of Industry 4.0
•Even though most companies globally have not yet developed a comprehensive strategy to
immerse themselves in Industry 4.0, the truth is that there is already a more advanced
booming
trend; Industry 5.0 . It focuses on personalisation, immediate
customer service and integration between people and ‘cobots’. The intention is to achieve a
blending between technological development and human beings, with the main objective of
people and machines complementing their activities, instead of people being replaced. In this
disruptive approach, to achieve an intelligent society, education needs to change its traditional
approach. People must be trained and qualified to be proactive in this new model of society.

12. What is Sensor
•A sensor is a detection device that can sense the measured data and convert it into
electrical signals or other required forms of information output according to particular
rules, in order to meet the requirements of data transmission, processing, storage, and
display, as well as recording and control. Sensors are frequently categorized based on
their functioning principle, input data, and application scope. They may be loosely split
into three types based on their diverse functioning principles: physical type, chemical
type, and biological type.

13. Ⅰ. Physical sensors
•1. Physical Sensor Definition
•Sensors built with the physical qualities of specific transforming components and the
special physical properties of certain functional materials are known as physical sensors.
•Resistive sensors, which use resistance value changes caused by metals and semiconductor
materials under the action of the measured; inductance and differential transformer sensors,
which use the magnetoresistance to change with the measured; and piezoelectric crystal sensors,
which use the measured force to change the resistance value. Piezoelectric sensors, for example,
are based on the piezoelectric effect. It's worth noting that, in recent years, a number of sensors
have been developed exploiting semiconductor materials' specific capabilities, such as pressure-
sensitive, photo-sensitive, and magnetic-sensitive sensors based on the piezoresistive effect,
photoelectric effect, and Hall effect.

14. 2.Physical Sensor Types
•Physical sensors can be divided into physical sensors and
structural sensors.
•The so-called physical sensor is a sensor that uses the inherent features and effects of specific
functional materials to directly convert the measured value into electricity. A pressure sensor
constructed of piezoelectric crystals, for example, measures pressure using the positive
piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material itself; another example is a photoresistor, which
measures conductivity by changing the semiconductor material's response to light intensity. The
photoconductive effect is altered to create the sensor.

15. Key Differences Between Electric and Pneumatic Actuators
•The first big difference between electric and pneumatic actuators is where they draw their
power from. Fitting to the name, electric actuators run on electricity, while pneumatic
actuators run on air pressure. So first and foremost, it’s important to consider the power
source, availability of such, and preferences when making your decision. Electric
actuators typically require at least a 24 VDC power source, while pneumatic actuators
rely on air pressure from a compressor.
•Aside from power source, there are several other key differences that are worth noting
between electric and pneumatic actuators. Here’s a closer look at some of them:

16. •Speed
•Pneumatic actuators operate through manual controls and at a constant speed.
•Electric actuators use a program controller to instantly adjust the speed so it can be
accelerated and decelerated while the device is in motion.
•Cost
•Pneumatic actuators are generally cheap. However, while component costs can be low,
maintenance and repair costs can be significant and add up over time. Furthermore, it’s
often costly to run a compressed air system to adequately power the pneumatic
actuators, something else that needs to be considered when deciding between
pneumatic and electric. While component costs for electric actuators are higher than
those of their pneumatic counterparts, one significant advantage to electric actuators is
that they’re much more affordable to power. While the upfront cost of the electric
actuators is more than pneumatic actuators, there’s likely to be long-term savings in
operating costs.
•Temperature Range
•Pneumatic actuators typically excel in a wide range of temperatures. In fact, they can
adequately handle a range of between -40 and 175 degrees Fahrenheit, and special

17. bearings and seals can help them operate sufficiently over an even greater temperature
range. Electric actuators can operate over a wide temperature range as well (-40 to 150
degrees Fahrenheit), however, there’s more of a worry about overheating when
actuators are powered electrically. Furthermore, operators also have to be mindful that
any electric actuators are properly sealed so that they don’t become subjected to
moisture.

18. •Accuracy
•While pneumatic actuators are known for providing high force at fast speeds, they often
lack accuracy — at least compared to electric actuators. (Since air is compressible, they
have very little positioning accuracy, they should really only be used for 2 position
applications) In fact, an electric linear actuator is highly regarded for its precision when it
comes to both control and positioning. These actuators help machine adaptability to
flexible processes while at lower operation costs since the electronics are separated from
the actuator, which helps to minimize costs towards replacement parts.
•Electric actuators have positional accuracy down to .0001 inches.
•Safety
•Electrical actuators can be more safe and predictable in an emergency stop application
since they don’t depend on trapped air to hold the cylinder in place. The load can be
held more reliably also since there is no air leakage between the cylinder and valve.
Electrical actuators will automatically shut off when experiencing an electrical short or
when overheating.

19. When to Choose an Electric Actuator
•Think about the advantages of electric actuators , and it’s relatively easy to see whether or not
they’d be a good fit in your application. Here’s a look at some situations when it might make
sense to select one:
•If you need precise movement and advanced integration.
•If it makes more sense to run actuators off of electricity rather than create a detailed air
compression system.
•If there isn’t a high risk of moisture intrusion that could potentially
damage the actuators.
•Though we didn’t mention it in the above section, it’s worth noting that electric actuators run
much more quietly than pneumatic ones, which may also be a consideration during the
selection process.

20. When to Choose a Pneumatic Actuator
•Similar to selecting an electric actuator, look for applications that play into the advantages of
pneumatic actuators. Some considerations on when to deploy pneumatic actuators include:
•In hazardous environments where electric actuators may pose more of a safety risk or have
to comply with NEMA standards.
•In small-scale applications where performance can be optimized without driving up operating
costs.
•If you’re looking for high force and fast speeds.
•If you need actuators to operate well over a wide temperature range.

21. General Principles of PLC Programming
The PLC tutorials on this site focus on specific principles, but I’d like to point out general principles
too. In fact, general principles of PLC programming are the same as PC programming, though the
way we satisfy those principles can vary widely between those two domains.
•Principle 1: Readability
•This is number 1 because it trumps everything (short of functional correctness, of course). Many
of the principles focus on making the code easy to change, but before you can change it you
need to understand how it works at a deep level. The easier it is to understand, the easier it is to
change, so readability drives most of my PLC programming tutorials and explanations. Also
remember your audience. Readability means someone with only an electrical background and no
C/C++/Java/C# experience should still be able to walk up and understand your logic. That is the
entire point of PLCs.

22. •Principle 2: Keep Things that Change Together Close Together
•If you know that changing one piece of code will require you to change another piece of code,
and you can’t somehow combine them into a single piece of code, then at least put them next to
each other. The more related they are, the closer they should be in your program. Do whatever
you can to help your future self see the trap you’ve laid.

23. •Principle 3: Once and Only Once
•This is an ideal form of Principle 2. If you have an array that has 10 elements in it, and you need to
reference the number of elements in lots of places, then declare a constant and use that
everywhere. Then you only need to change it in one place.
•However, don’t get too carried away. Remember not to let this trump readability. I had a thought-
provoking discussion with my colleague recently. All of our devices use millimeters, but we have to
display our measurements in inches. We have lots of places where we multiply or divide by 25.4,
which is the conversion factor between millimeters and inches. If you follow principle 3, then you
should define a constant, e.g., MILLIMETERS_PER_INCH =
25.4 and use that everywhere. On the other hand, the conversion factor between millimeters and
inches is unlikely to change anytime soon, and even if it were, you could find all the instances of
25.4 in our program and replace them in less than 60 seconds with a search and replace tool. Plus
the constant is just longer. Concise is good. Furthermore, the context in which it’s used explains the
value (because it’s typically used like this: distance_mm = distance_inches * 25.4). For these
reasons I’m OK, in this particular case, using 25.4 instead of a named constant.
•My point is that these ideas aren’t always black and white. Don’t apply these blindly and
assume you’ve done your job. Make sure you use your brain too.

24. •Principle 4: Isolate Things That Change Separately
•This is the corollary of Principle 2. Just because your system has three identical pumps now
doesn’t mean it’ll have three identical pumps 5 years from now. You might feel like a genius
because you made a function block to control those pumps, but when the feedback on one of
them malfunctions and you need to go in and bypass that one feedback without messing up the
feedback logic on the other pumps, you’ve just made your life more complicated. Plus, if it’s the
electrician that has to put that bypass in, how comfortable will they be modifying your function
block vs. modifying a rung that only affects one pump? The best 2 am support call is the one you
never get.

25. Principle 5: Use Patterns for Consistency
•You are not the first person to program a PLC. Those who’ve come before you and learned
through trial and error have settled on some useful patterns of ladder logic
programming that perform specific functions in well understood ways. These are the nouns, verbs,
and adjectives of our field. You can expect someone reading your logic to recognize these patterns
quickly and understand what you’re doing.
•You’ll also start coming up with patterns that are specific to your machine or facility. Patterns
have the advantage that once you learn it, you understand it whenever you see it. Consistency is
good.

26. Block Diagram Of PLC Programming

27. IOT basics and fundamentals:
•IOT stands for internet of things. Most simply, it refers to physical objects linked through wired
and wireless networks. More specifically, it refers to the collection of internet-connected devices
that are able to communicate autonomously over the internet, without needing a person to
initiate the communication.
•You might be asking yourself, how is this different from the "internet" as most people commonly
understand the term? Well, it really isn't that different -- it's just a way of talking about the
internet with a specific focus on "things" instead of people.

28. What does IOT stand for and what does it mean?
•Consultancy McKinsey & Company offered this basic description of IoT: "Sensors
and actuators embedded
in physical objects are linked through wired and wireless networks, often using the same Internet
Protocol (IP) that connects the internet."
•Kevin Ashton, who coined the term internet of things, preferred the term internet for things.
While not widely used, this term provides a helpful way to understand the concept behind IoT.
Think of the "normal" internet you access from your PC or smartphone as the internet for
people and IoT as an internet of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital
machines, objects, etc.

29. How does IOT work?
•IoT works through a combination of wireless networking technology, physical devices, advanced
data analytics and cloud computing. The basic process of how IoT works is as follows:
•A group of physical devices is wired or wirelessly linked to each other and/or a central
area.
•The devices collect data from the external world using some kind of sensor.
•That data is then stored somewhere, whether it be in the cloud, an intermediary network
location, or on the device itself.
•The data is then processed, often by machine learning and artificial intelligence.
•The processed data is used by the physical device to perform some action.

30. Basic IOT fundamentals, concepts and terms
The four pillars of IoT and the main concepts to understand are:
•Data. IoT technologies provide myriad ways to collect data about the physical world. Data is the
fuel of IoT and is why it is so important.
•Device. The actual, physical components or things in the internet of things that collect this
data.
•Analytics. The process of making collected data useful by turning raw data into actionable
insights.
•Connectivity. Makes sharing data and insights possible, increasing the value of that data. This is
the internet in internet of things.

31. Specific types of IOT and its applications:
•Industrial internet of things (I IO T ). Refers to the use of IoT in industrial applications.
•Internet of medical things (IOMT). The use of IoT in medicine.
•V2X communications (vehicle to everything communications ). A vehicle's ability to sense its
environment and communicate with it.
•Internet of battlefield things (IOBT). When IoT is used for military purposes.

32. Benefits of IOT technology
•The internet of things' most immediate benefit for business is to help enterprises learn more
about -- and thereby improve -- their own internal processes and structure to ultimately provide
better products and/or more effective services. IoT increases the number and types of places
enterprises can autonomously retrieve data from, providing much more information to work
with. It also enables internal systems to become more responsive.
•The main benefit of IoT for consumers is convenience and ease of use, which in the case of a
healthcare device, for instance, is not trivial. As IoT grows and infiltrates the public sphere,
more tangible and social benefits will crop up, including:
•Smarter environmental choices as a result of more accurate insights into our effect on the
environment, pollution etc.

33. •Smart cities that revolutionize the way urban environments function.
•See changes in culture and politics as a result of these things. The massive amount of data that
IoT networks and smart cities create will give people new insights into areas previously limited by
the amount of real-time data available. Examples of this affecting politics would be the
implementation of a location-free voting system and the pairing of biometric voter registration
and authentication with IoT to ease voting and increase security
•Real-time simulation model
•The part of the system calculated on the real-time machine consists of the electrical
representation and the communication that allows for the grid model to interact with the
controller based interface.

34. THANK YOU