Automobiles

history of automobile industry

1. AUTOMOBILES
Prepared by:
ASHISH MAKHIJA

2. HISTORY OF AUTOMOBILEHISTORY OF AUTOMOBILE
Ferdinand Vebiest, a member of a Jesuit mission in China, built the Ferdinand Vebiest, a member of a Jesuit mission in China, built the
first steam-powered vehicle around 1672.first steam-powered vehicle around 1672.
 Although Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot is often credited with building the Although Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot is often credited with building the
first self-propelled mechanical vehicle or automobile in about 1769.first self-propelled mechanical vehicle or automobile in about 1769.

Cugnot’s steam wagonCugnot’s steam wagon

3. HISTORY OF AUTOMOBILEHISTORY OF AUTOMOBILE
KARL BENZKARL BENZ
 Karl Benz generally is acknowledged as Karl Benz generally is acknowledged as
the inventor of the modern automobile.the inventor of the modern automobile.
An automobile powered by his own four-An automobile powered by his own four-
stroke cycle gasoline engine was built in stroke cycle gasoline engine was built in
MannheimMannheim, , GermanyGermany by Karl Benz in 1885. by Karl Benz in 1885.
He began to sell his production vehicles in He began to sell his production vehicles in
1888. 1888.
KARL BENZKARL BENZ

4. A photograph of the original Benz Patent Motorwagen, A photograph of the original Benz Patent Motorwagen,
first built in 1885first built in 1885
His first His first MotorwagenMotorwagen was built in was built in
1885.1885.
About 25 Benz vehicles were sold About 25 Benz vehicles were sold
between 1888 and 1893.between 1888 and 1893.
In 1896, Benz designed and patented In 1896, Benz designed and patented
the first internal-combustion the first internal-combustion
flat engineflat engine, called a boxermotor in , called a boxermotor in
German. German.
During the last years of the During the last years of the
nineteenth century, Benz was the nineteenth century, Benz was the
largest automobile company in the largest automobile company in the
world with 572 units produced. world with 572 units produced.
BOXOR MOTORBOXOR MOTOR

5. HENRY FORDHENRY FORD
Henry Ford was the Henry Ford was the AmericanAmerican founder of the founder of the
Ford Motor CompanyFord Motor Company and father of modern and father of modern
assembly linesassembly lines used in used in mass productionmass production. .
His introduction of the His introduction of the Model TModel T automobileautomobile
revolutionized transportation and American revolutionized transportation and American
industry. industry.
The large-scale, The large-scale, production-lineproduction-line manufacturing of manufacturing of
affordable automobiles was debuted by affordable automobiles was debuted by
Ransom OldsRansom Olds at his at his OldsmobileOldsmobile factory in 1902. factory in 1902.
This concept was greatly expanded by This concept was greatly expanded by Henry FordHenry Ford, ,
beginning in 1914.beginning in 1914.
HENRY HENRY
FORDFORD
RANSOM E. OLDSRANSOM E. OLDS

6. FORD “MODEL T”FORD “MODEL T”
Introduced the moving assembly line and Model T in 1908-1909. Introduced the moving assembly line and Model T in 1908-1909.
Cost of Model T declined from 7 months of a Ford assembly line Cost of Model T declined from 7 months of a Ford assembly line
worker’s wages in 1908 to less than 3 months in 1916.worker’s wages in 1908 to less than 3 months in 1916.
This brought millions of middle-class families into the market for This brought millions of middle-class families into the market for
autos.autos.

7. The car was very simple to drive, and easy and cheap to repair.The car was very simple to drive, and easy and cheap to repair.
By 1920, half the cars in the worldBy 1920, half the cars in the world were Model T Fords!were Model T Fords!
Product diversity, options strictly limited by Ford to maximize standardization, Product diversity, options strictly limited by Ford to maximize standardization,
production efficiency. (“You can have any color car you want, so long as it’s production efficiency. (“You can have any color car you want, so long as it’s
black.”)black.”)
FORD MODEL T, 1915FORD MODEL T, 1915 FORD MASHTANG, 2009FORD MASHTANG, 2009

8. THE GREAT DEPRESSIONTHE GREAT DEPRESSION
Sales of automobiles collapsed 1930-32, rebounded Sales of automobiles collapsed 1930-32, rebounded
slowly.slowly.
GM recovered, exceeded late 1920s sales levels by GM recovered, exceeded late 1920s sales levels by
end of the 1930s Ford continued to languish under end of the 1930s Ford continued to languish under
the increasingly erratic leadership of Henry Ford, the increasingly erratic leadership of Henry Ford,
who was quite unhinged by the end of the decade.who was quite unhinged by the end of the decade.
Ford would have gone bankrupt without WWII.Ford would have gone bankrupt without WWII.

9. WORLD WAR IIWORLD WAR II
Military procurement contracts increased demand.
Most of the auto industry in Europe, Japan effectively bombed out of
existence.
Technological improvements made during the war were applied to
postwar auto production.
• Better automatic transmissions
• Functional power steering and brakes
• V-8 engines
• Air conditioning

10. FUEL & PROPULSION TECHNOLOGIESFUEL & PROPULSION TECHNOLOGIES
Most automobiles in use today are propelled by Most automobiles in use today are propelled by gasolinegasoline (also known (also known
as petrol) or as petrol) or dieseldiesel internal combustion engines. internal combustion engines.
Known to cause air pollution, climate change & global warming.Known to cause air pollution, climate change & global warming.
Increasing costs of oil-based fuels, tightening environmental Increasing costs of oil-based fuels, tightening environmental lawslaws
and restrictions on and restrictions on greenhouse gasgreenhouse gas emissions are propelling work emissions are propelling work
on alternative power systems for automobiles.on alternative power systems for automobiles.
Efforts to improve or replace existing technologies include the Efforts to improve or replace existing technologies include the
development of development of hybrid vehicleshybrid vehicles, and , and electricelectric and and hydrogen vehicleshydrogen vehicles
which do not release pollution into the air. which do not release pollution into the air.

11. ENGINE TYPESENGINE TYPES
Diesel-engined cars have long been Diesel-engined cars have long been
popular in Europe with the first models popular in Europe with the first models
being introduced as early as 1922 by being introduced as early as 1922 by
PeugeotPeugeot..
The main benefit of diesel engines is a The main benefit of diesel engines is a
50% fuel burn efficiency compared 50% fuel burn efficiency compared
with 27% in the best gasoline engines.with 27% in the best gasoline engines.
Many diesel-powered cars can run with Many diesel-powered cars can run with
little or no modifications on 100% little or no modifications on 100%
biodieselbiodiesel and combinations of other and combinations of other
organic oils.organic oils.
DIESEL ENGINEDIESEL ENGINE

12. GASOLINE (PATROL) ENGINEGASOLINE (PATROL) ENGINE
Gasoline engines have the advantage over Gasoline engines have the advantage over
diesel in being lighter and able to work at diesel in being lighter and able to work at
higher rotational speeds and they are the higher rotational speeds and they are the
usual choice for fitting in high-performance usual choice for fitting in high-performance
sports cars.sports cars.
Continuous development of gasoline engines Continuous development of gasoline engines
for over a hundred years has produced for over a hundred years has produced
improvements in efficiency and reduced improvements in efficiency and reduced
pollution.pollution.
Most gasoline engine cars can also run on Most gasoline engine cars can also run on
LPGLPG with the addition of an with the addition of an LPG tankLPG tank and and
carburetor modifications to add an LPG carburetor modifications to add an LPG
mixer.mixer.

13. ELECTRIC CARELECTRIC CAR
An electric car uses An electric car uses
electric motorselectric motors and and
motor controllersmotor controllers for for propulsionpropulsion, ,
in place of more common in place of more common
propulsion methods such as the propulsion methods such as the
internal combustion engineinternal combustion engine..
 Electric cars are commonly Electric cars are commonly
powered by on-board battery powered by on-board battery
packs, and as such are packs, and as such are
battery electric vehiclesbattery electric vehicles (BEVs). (BEVs).
TESLA ELECTRIC POWER ROADSTERTESLA ELECTRIC POWER ROADSTER

14. HYBRID ELECTRIC PETROLEUM CARSHYBRID ELECTRIC PETROLEUM CARS
When the term hybrid vehicle is used, it most When the term hybrid vehicle is used, it most
often refers to a Hybrid electric vehicle.often refers to a Hybrid electric vehicle.
These encompass such vehicles as the:These encompass such vehicles as the:
Toyota PriusToyota Prius
Toyota Camry HybridToyota Camry Hybrid
Ford Escape HybridFord Escape Hybrid
Toyota Highlander HybridToyota Highlander Hybrid
Honda InsightHonda Insight
Honda Civic HybridHonda Civic Hybrid
HONDA INSIGHTHONDA INSIGHT
TOYOTA PRIUSTOYOTA PRIUS

15. BENEFITS OF AUTOMOBILESBENEFITS OF AUTOMOBILES
Replacement of horse and carriage.Replacement of horse and carriage.
Economical, safer, smaller, faster (more consistent), more Economical, safer, smaller, faster (more consistent), more
controllable/reliable.controllable/reliable.
More sanitary - dead horses and manure problems.More sanitary - dead horses and manure problems.
Development of mass production and assembly line.Development of mass production and assembly line.
Supply chain economic boom.Supply chain economic boom.
Independence.Independence.
Employment.Employment.

16. MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONSMAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS
Air pollution.Air pollution.
Materials consumption.Materials consumption.
Autos themselves and consumables.Autos themselves and consumables.
One way cars create pollution is by contributing to the amount of One way cars create pollution is by contributing to the amount of
ground-level ozone.ground-level ozone.
Cars also pollute by emitting lead from leaded gasoline. Cars also pollute by emitting lead from leaded gasoline.
Global warming.Global warming.
Energy use.Energy use.

17. TOP 20 MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCING COUNTRIES IN 2008TOP 20 MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCING COUNTRIES IN 2008
Motor vehicle production (1000 units)Motor vehicle production (1000 units)

18. Top motor vehicle manufacturing companies by volume 2008Top motor vehicle manufacturing companies by volume 2008

19. THANK YOU