AV aids- flash cards, black board.pptx.ne

nursing education

1. Audio Visual Aids- Black board and Flash cards

2. Principles of Selection of AV aids Principle of selection Principle of preparation Principle of handling Principle of presentation Principle of response Principle of evaluation

3. Audio visual Aids- Definition Audio visual aids are those sensory objects or images which initiate or stimulate and reinforce learning.

4. Classification of Audio- visual aids Projected aids Non projected aids

5. AUDIO VISUAL AIDS Projected AV aids Non Projected Graphic Aids Display boards 3-D aids Audio aids 1. Film projector 1.Graphs 1.Black board 1. Models 1.Radio 2. Film strips/film strip projector 2. Diagrams 2.Roll up board 2. Objects 2.Tape Recorder 3.Slides/slide projector 3. Posters 3.Peg board 3. Specimen 3. Public Address system 4.Over Head Projector 4. Charts 4.Flannel board 4.Puppets 5. Television 5. Flash cards 5.Magnetic board 6.LCD Projector 7.DLP projector(Digital Light Processing)

6. BLACK BOARD

7. Black board It was the most commonly used AV aid It gives motivation and gives instructions concrete and understandable The teacher can illustrate his/her lesson The lesson can be phased and summarized in the right manner

8. Black board Questions and problems can be listed. Pupil’s interest in class work can be stimulated It provides a lot of space for decorative and creative work. A teacher can review the whole lesson

9. Types of Black board Fixed Portable

10. Black board on an Easel

11. Fixed Black board

12. Roll up black board

13. Green board

14. Characteristics of black board Surface- rough Dull- to eliminate glare The writing should be easily eliminated with duster The chalk board should be mounted on an appropriate height within the reach of teacher and visibility of students

15. Skills involved in the effective use of blackboard Do not write everything on the blackboard The most convenient position to stand is the L side of the board which allows you to turn from the black board towards the students Write in sequence as head line and sub lines

16. Skills involved in the effective use of blackboard There should be equal gaps between the words and letters should be of equal size and broad The margin space for the top and bottom should be equal Try to keep 2 /3 part for drawing

17. Skills involved in the effective use of blackboard Never use fingers in place of duster Use duster from top to bottom and again top to bottom by lifting rather rubbing to avoid dust Write in straight rows starting at the top corner Avoid abbreviation Plan ahead what you write in advance

18. Skills involved in the effective use of blackboard Boards are cleaned after each class Do not talk as you write Face the group after writing and continue discussion Extreme lower corners should not be used Use coloured chalks

19. Points to remember while using blackboard Blackboard should be kept clean Writing on the blackboard should be legible Letters and drawings should be large enough to be seen from all parts of the room Writing should be started from top left corner Writing should be in straight rows

20. Points to remember while using blackboard Continues .. Material on the blackboard should not be covered by standing in front of it Only salient points of subject matter should be written on the blackboard Extreme lower corner of blackboard should not be made use of as writing on it

21. Points to remember while using blackboard continues.. It should be ensured that blackboard is well-lit by natural or artificial means Occasionally students may be asked to write or draw diagram on the blackboard Teacher should ensure that the class is attentive while writing on the blackboard Everything required for the blackboard should be got together before the class begins

22. Points to remember while using blackboard Continues.. Duster should be used for cleaning the blackboard Teachers should develop the ability to draw freely on the blackboard. It should be ensured that the blackboard is periodically serviced

23. Advantages It is useful for group teaching It is economical and can be used over and again It captures attention It can be used for drill and revision It can be used for drawings and illustrations from the text book

24. Limitations It does not care for the individual needs of the students it makes chalk to spread and inhaled by the teacher and students Constant use of the board makes it smooth and glare

25. FLASH CARDS

26. FLASH CARDS Flash cards is an aid liberally used in language lessons, especially in the lower classes. This facilitates immediate feedback of comprehension and skill in silent reading. The card containing reading material is exhibited for few seconds only. The flash card indicate its use as if in a flash.

27. FLASH CARDS Flash cards are small cards of generally 25*30 cm in size which are shown for a few moments before the class to send across a message or impart an idea. Flash cards would be used along with other graphic aids to make the lesson effective.

28. Preparation of flash cards Cut a chart paper and cut it into four equal parts. Write the content on it either in the free hand or using stencils and sketch pens Height of the writing on the flash card is to be large enough so that the whole class can see the flash card properly

29. Using the flash cards Give brief introduction to the students Flash the cards in front of the class by holding it high with both your hands so that all students can see it. Add more information to the student responses

30. Structure They consists of a series of cards approximately 10*12 inches each with an illustration pertaining to a topic The flash cards and the pictures should be large enough for a group of 30-50 The number of cards should be 10-12

31. GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVE USE OF FLASH CARDS T opic and the content to be displayed should be carefully planned Illustrations in the flash cards should be simple The number of cards should not exceed 10-12 The size of the group should not be more than 40 A rrange the cards in the proper sequence

32. GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVE USE OF FLASH CARDS Display the cards in congruent with the content Hold the cards and turn towards different parts of the group and ensure it viewed by all members in the group Significant points should be pointed out Look at the cards while the concept is explained from the card Involve the audience in discussion.

33. Advantages The flash cards can be used to introduce and present the topics Flash cards can be used to review the topic Flash cards can be used to develop cognitive abilities of recognition and recall of students

34. Disadvantages Time consuming to make and review Flash cards encourage rote learning They can overburden the brain with too much information