Axiology

Axiology or the theory of value. Ethics. two types of ethical theories. meta ethics. normative ethics.applied ethics. applied ethics. descriptive ethics. aesthetics.value. kinds of values.

1. AXIOLOGY The Theory of Value 1 Prepared by: Bernido L. Malolooy -on Jr. BEE II-2

2. axiology (from Greek axios , “worthy”; logos, “science”), also called Theory Of Value , the philosophical study of goodness, or value, in the widest sense of these terms . It centers upon the nature of different types of value. -include   aesthetics , which investigates the nature of such things as beauty and art;  social philosophy  and  political philosophy ; and, most prominently,  ethics , which investigates both the nature of right and wrong and the nature of good and evil . 2

3. Axiology is an objective format for measuring intangible attitudes and values. Measures the level of development and the types of one’s perceptual biases in one’s thinking . The development of the science makes possible the objective measurement of value as accurately as a thermometer measures heat. 3

4. AREA OF AXIOLOGY Axiology studies mainly two kinds of values:ethics and aesthetics. Ethics investigates the concepts of right and good in individual and social conduct. Aesthetics studies the concept of beauty and harmony. 4

5. ETHICS Ethics also known as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. Ethics is a complement to aesthetics in the philosophical field of axiology. In philosophy, ethics studies the moral behaviour in humans and how one should act. 5

6. While virtually all people are concerned with making ethical judgements and decisions, philosophers in particular are concerned to Explicate the nature of such judgements in general Provide criteria for determining what is ethically right or wrong Analyze the reasons we have for holding them to be correct. 6

7. Two Types of Ethical Theories Consequentialist or Teleological Ethical Theory Motivational or Deontological Ethical Theory 7

8. Teleological Ethical theory: This theory claims that what makes an action right or wrong are the consequences of the action; quite simply a “right action” is one which has good consequences and a “wrong action” has bad consequences. 8

9. Deontological Ethical Theory This theory holds an opposition to a consequentialist theory that it is not the consequences but the motivation which prompts the agent to do an action which makes an action right or wrong. On this type of ehtical theory an action motivated by the right sort of reasons will be “right” no matter whether its consequences are desirable or not, whereas an action motivated by the wrong sorts of reasons will be a wrong action, even if its consequences might be considered desirable. 9

10. TYPES OF ETHICS Meta Ethics: It is about the theoretical meaning and reference of moral propositions and how their truth values may be determined. Normative Ethics: It is about the practical means of determining a moral course of action. Applied Ethics: It is about how moral outcomes can be achieved in specific situations. Descriptive Ethics: It is also known as comparative ethics. It is the study of people’s beliefs about morality. 10

11. AESTHETICS: Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of art, beauty and taste, with the creation and appreciation of beauty. It is more scientifically defined as the study of sensory or sensory-emotional values, sometimes called judgements of sentiment and taste. More broadly, scholars in the field define aesthetics as “ critical reflection on art, culture and nature”. 11

12. CONCEPT OF AESTHETICS: Introduced into the philosophical lexicon during the eighteenth century, the term ‘aesthetic’ has come to be used to designate among other things, a kind of object, a kind of judgement, a kind of attitude, a kind of experience and a kind of value. 12 whether artworks are necessarily aesthetic objects; how to square the allegedly perceptual basis of aesthetic judgements with the fact that we give reasons in support of them ; how best to capture the elusive contrast between an aesthetic attitude and a practical one whether to define aesthetic experience according to its phenomenological or representational content how best to understand the relation between aesthetic value and aesthetic experience.

13. VALUE M aterial values- refer to the values of people’s daily necessities, such as commodities Spiritual Values- refer to the faculties of intellect, emotion and will or the values of trueness, goodness and beauty. 13

14. KINDS OF VALUE: Sungsang value- is a spiritual value that satisfies the sungsang desire; it consists of trueness, goodness, beauty and love. Trueness, beauty and goodness are the values corresponding to the three faculties of the mind, namely, intellect, emotion and will . Hyungsang value- which satisfies the Hyungsang desire, refers to the value of daily necessities, such as food, clothing and shelter- called material value or commodity value. Material value is the value necessary for physical life or the value that satisfies the desire of the physical mind. 14

15. bibliography Siddiqui M.H., Philosophical and Sociological Foundations of Education, A P H Publishing Corporation, New Delhi. Fernandes M.M., The Foundations of Education: The Philosophical Approach, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi. Das B.N., Foundations of Education, Nil Kamal Publishing House, New Delhi. http://www.britannica.com/topic/axiology 15