Bab 3: Teori Perdagangan Internasional.pptx

Teori Perdagangan Internasional

1. teori perdagangan internasional Francoes Mitter Makul: Bisnis Internasional Prodi Kewirausahaan Institut Teknologi Keling Kumang

2. questions Mengapa AS menaikkan tarif kepada Kanada dan China? Bagaimana respon negara-negara tersebut ? Bagaimana dampak kenaikan tarif bagi ekonomi AS? Apa dampak langsung dan tidak langsung dari Perang Dagang antara AS dan China terhadap ekonomi Indonesia?

3. Teori perdagangan internasional klasik : mercantilism

4. Teori perdagangan internasional klasik : absolute advantage Adam Smith , Scottish economist. 1776. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations . The father of free-market economics. Belief : Mercantilism actually weakens a country because it robs individuals of the ability to trade freely and to benefit from voluntary exchanges. Free Trade among countries as a means of enlarging a country’s wealth; enables a country to expand the amount of goods and services available to it by specializing in the production of some goods and services and trading for others.

5. Teori perdagangan internasional klasik : comparative advantage What happens to trade if one country has an absolute advantage in both products ? David Ricardo , British economist. Belief : a country should produce and export those goods and services for which it is relatively more productive than other countries are and import those goods and services for which other countries are relatively more productive than it is. The Opportunity Cost of a good is the value of what is given up to get the good.

6. Teori perdagangan internasional klasik : comparative advantage with money

7. Teori perdagangan internasional modern : product life cycle theory

8. Teori perdagangan internasional modern : country similarity theory

9. Teori perdagangan internasional modern : new trade theory Dicetuskan Paul Krugman. Supaya tetap unggul , korporasi harus ( a ) owning Intellectual Property Rights; ( b ) investing in R&D; ( c ) achieving economic of scope (& scale); ( d ) exploiting the experience curve: lowering costs and gaining market share by learning from experience .

10. Teori perdagangan internasional modern : porter’s theory of national competitive Advantage Michael Porter is an economist from Harvard Business School. M ain objective is to explain why companies or sectors in certain countries are more competitive in the global market than those in other countries. How Porter's Diamond Model works: (1) Analyze the Value Chain of the Company (the processes and activities create its added value); (2) For each Activity in the Value Chain, Analyze the Country where the Company is Located (using the Porter’s diamond model); (3) Look for existing Synergies in the Domestic Market of your Country (analyze the strengths of the country, and use them (cheap labor, raw materials, education, etc)); and (4) Lean on other Regions to overcome the Weaknesses of the Country (buying cheaper raw materials, hiring more trained professionals, etc.).

11. Teori investasi internasional : ownership advantages Definition : a company's competitive edge over foreign competitors; can include a company's brand, technology, or reputation. Brand : A company with a strong brand name and reputation may be successful in foreign markets because consumers are familiar with the brand. Technology : A company with a unique technology or production process may have an advantage over competitors in a foreign market. Proprietary information : A company's proprietary information, such as patents, copyrights, or trademarks, can give it an advantage over competitors

12. Teori investasi internasional : internalization theory Q : Mengapa suatu perusahaan memilih untuk memasuki pasar asing melalui FDI daripada mengeksploitasi ownership advantages secara internasional melalui cara lain, seperti mengekspor produknya , mewaralabakan nama merek , atau melisensikan teknologi kepada perusahaan asing ? Transaction Cost adalah biaya untuk melakukan transaksi , yaitu biaya yang terkait dengan negosiasi , pemantauan , dan penegakan kontrak . Perusahaan harus memutuskan apakah lebih baik memiliki dan mengoperasikan pabriknya sendiri di luar negeri atau membuat kontrak dengan perusahaan asing untuk melakukan hal ini melalui waralaba , lisensi , atau perjanjian pasokan . Transaction cost berkaitan dengan kebijakan FDI sebuah korporasi .

13. Teori investasi internasional : dunning’s eclectic theory

14. Questions for discussion

15. referensi Ricky W. Griffin & Michael W. Pustay. 2015. International Business: A Managerial Perspective, 8 th edition . Pearson Education: London.