Badmenton sport concepts and sciencesPPT#.pptx

Notes about Badmenton

1. CHAPTER THREE BADMINTON

2. THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF BADMINTON The sport of badminton evolved from the ancient game of battledore and shuttlecock, a game played by adults and children for at least 2000 years in ancient Greece, China, Japan and India . Peasants played it in Medieval England by the late 16th century, where it had become a popular children's game. By the 17th century, battledore had become a pastime of the leisured classes in many European countries . The game simply involved two players using bats to hit a shuttlecock back and forth as many times as they could without letting it hit the ground.

3. The game of badminton appeared in the U.S. as New York society game in the 1870s . A fast shuttle was used, which required little effort on the part of the players hitting it from end to end. The first badminton club in the United States, the Badminton Club of the City of New York , in 1878 . The club served basically as a social gathering place for the elite with little emphasis on badminton. Poona, a native Indian game centuries old is close to the game we know as badminton The first badminton club was opened in the mid 18th Century in Britain. In 1878, New York formed United States first Badminton Club. Badminton became an Olympic sport in 1992

4. Badminton as battledore and shuttlecock is played with sides across a string suspended some five feet above the ground. The sport tests player’s athletic stamina, agility and good motor coordination skills. Nature of the Game Badminton is played as a singles or doubles game with one or two players on a side. The object of the game is to hit the shuttlecock or “bird” back and forth with a racket across a net five feet high at its center. The bird should be hit with such speed and accuracy that the opponent is unable to return the shot successfully. The game can either be fast or slow paced, depending on the skill level of the players.

5. Equipment of badminton The court Badminton court is rectangular and is divided into two equal symmetric halves by a net suspended from two vertical posts fixed at either sides of the court. Courts are marked for singles and doubles , as they differ in their dimensions; the doubles court is larger in breadth than a singles court and has a shorter serve-length dimension.

6. The net The net is 1 .55 meters high at the edges and 1.524 meters high in the center. The net posts are placed over the doubles sidelines, even when singles is played. The minimum height for the ceiling above the court is not mentioned in the Laws of Badminton. Nonetheless, a badminton court will not be suitable if the ceiling is likely to be hit on a high serve.

7. Rackets The racket shall be a frame not exceeding 680 mm in overall length and 230 mm in overall width consisting of the main parts. The handle is the part of the racket intended to be gripped by a player. The stringed area is the part of the racket with which it is intended that a player hits the shuttle. The head bounds the stringed area. The shaft connects the handle to the head .

8. The throat (if present) connects the shaft to the head. The handle is the part of the racket intended to be gripped by a player. The stringed area is the part of the racket with which it is intended that a player hits the shuttle. The head bounds the stringed area. The shaft connects the handle to the head. The throat (if present) connects the shaft to the head.

9. Shuttlecock Shuttlecock (official name) aka (birdie, bird, shuttle) - A circular piece of rubber or cork that measures one to 11/8 inches in diameter. Attached to the base is a crown of 14 to 16 feathers, often made of plastic, which keep the badminton shuttlecock aloft when hit. The cork is covered with thin leather or synthetic material. Synthetic shuttles are often used by recreational players to reduce their costs as feathered shuttles break easily. These nylon shuttles may be constructed with either natural cork or synthetic foam base, and a plastic skirt.

10. Sixteen feathers fixed in a cork base enveloped in a thin leather sheet make a shuttlecock. Interestingly, the best Badminton Shuttlecocks are made from feathers from the wing of a goose. The shuttle weighs between 4.74 to 5.50 grams.

11. Basic rules of badminton Toss Before play commences, a toss shall be conducted and the side winning the toss shall exercise the choice in either to serve or receive first or to start play at one end of the court or the other. The side losing the toss shall then exercise the remaining choice.

12. Match and game A match shall consist of the best of three games . A game shall be won by the side which first scores 21 points. The side winning a rally shall add a point to its score . A side shall win a rally, if the opposing side commits a "fault" or the shuttle stops to be in play because it touches the surface of the court inside the opponent's court.

13. Change of ends Players shall change ends: at the end of the first game ; at the end of the second game , if there is to be a third game; and in the third game when a side first scores 11 points. If the ends are not changed it shall be done so as soon as the mistake is discovered and when the shuttle is not in play . The existing score shall stand.

14. Service In a correct service: Neither side shall cause undue delay to the delivery of the service once the server and the receiver are ready for the service . On completion of the backward movement of server's racket head, any delay in the start of the service shall be considered to be an undue delay; The server and the receiver shall stand within diagonally opposite service courts without touching the boundary lines of these service courts; Some part of both feet of the server and the receiver shall remain in contact with the surface of the court in a stationary position from the start of the service until the service is delivered The server's racket shall initially hit the base of the shuttle.

15. The whole shuttle shall be below the server's waist at the instant of being hit by the server's racket. The waist shall be considered to be an imaginary line round the body, level with the lowest part of the server's bottom rib; The shaft of the server's racket at the instant of hitting the shuttle shall be pointing in a downward direction;

16. Serving and receiving courts Serving Order – Singles a. At the beginning of the game (0-0) and when the server’s score is even, the serve will begin from the right service court. When the server’s score is odd, the serve will be from the left service court . b . If the server wins a rally, the server scores a point and will then serve again from the alternate service court. c. If the receiver wins a rally, the receiver scores a point and becomes the new server. They serve from the appropriate service court – left if the score is odd and right if it is even.

17. Serving Order - Doubles a. A . At the beginning of the game and when the score is even (0,2,4,6, etc.) the server serves from the right service court . When it is odd (1,3,5,7, etc.) the server serves from the left service court. B . If the serving side wins a rally, the serving side scores a point and the same server serves again from the alternate service court. C . If the receiving side wins a rally, the receiving side scores a point. The receiving side becomes the new serving side. D . The players do not change their respective service courts until they win a point when their side is serving.

18. Order of play and position on court. In singles the shuttle may be hit by the server and the receiver alternately, from any position on that player's side of the net, until the shuttle stop to be in play. In doubles after the service is returned, in a rally, the shuttle may be hit by either player of the serving side and either player of the receiving side alternately, from any position on that player's side of the net, until the shuttle ceases to be in play.

19. Scoring and serving In singles if the server wins a rally, the server shall score a point. The server shall then serve again from the alternate service court. If the receiver wins a rally, the receiver shall score a point. The receiver shall then become the new server. In doubles if the serving side wins a rally, the serving side shall score a point. The server shall then serve again from the alternate service court. If the receiving side wins a rally, the receiving side shall score a point. The receiving side shall then become the new serving side.

20. Sequence of serving In any game, the right to serve shall pass consecutively i.e. From the initial server who started the game from the right service court to the partner of the initial receiver. Then to the partner of the initial server then to the initial receiver, then to the initial server and so on. No player shall serve or receive out of turn , or receive two consecutive services in the same game . Either player of the winning side may serve first in the next game, and either player of the losing side may receive first in the next game

21. Service court errors A service court error has been made when a player has served or received out of turn; or has served or received from the wrong service court . If a service court error is discovered, the error shall be corrected and the existing score shall stand.

22. Faults   It shall be a "fault": If a service is not correct or if, in service, the shuttle: Is caught on the net and remains suspended on its top; After passing over the net, is caught in the net; or Is hit by the receiver's partner;

23. If in play, the shuttle: Lands outside the boundaries of the court (i.e. not on or within the boundary lines); Passes through or under the net; Fails to pass over the net; Touches the ceiling or side walls; Touches the person or dress of a player; Touches any other object or person outside the court is hit twice in succession by the same player

24. If, in play, a player: Touches the net or its supports with racket, person or dress; Obstructs an opponent, i.e. prevents an opponent from making a legal stroke where the shuttle is followed over the net; Deliberately distracts an opponent by any action such as shouting or making gestures; If a player is guilty of flagrant, repeated or persistent offences. Lets "Let" shall be called by the umpire, or by a player (if there is no umpire), to halt play. It shall be a "let”, if:

25. The server serves before the receiver is ready During service, the receiver and the server are both faulted; After the service is returned, the shuttle is: caught on the net and remains suspended on its top, or after passing over the net is caught in the net; During play, the shuttle disintegrates and the base completely separates from the rest of the shuttle; In the opinion of the umpire, play is disrupted or a player of the opposing side is distracted by a coach; Any unforeseen or accidental situation has occurred.

26. Shuttle in not play A shuttle is not in play when: It strikes the net or post and starts to fall towards the surface of the court on the striker's side of the net; It hits the surface of the court; or A "fault" or a "let" has occurred. Intervals: Not exceeding 60 seconds during each game when the leading score reaches 11 points ; and not exceeding 120 seconds between the first and second game, and between the second and third game shall be allowed in all matches.

27. Badminton Playing Techniques and Shots 1. Forehand – hit with the front of the hand leading (similar to throwing a ball) 2. Backhand – hit with the back of the hand leading (flicking: the hands extending at the wrist) 3. Ready Position - Knees bent, arms at waist level and weight forward. 4. Serve - the racquet head must be below the level of the server’s hand while the shuttle is hit below waist level. The serve should be nice and low to the net on a short serve. For a long serve, it should be far and high. The serve is the most important shot in the game.

28. 5. Clear – hitting the shuttle high and to the back of the opponent’s court. This shot is played well behind the shuttle. The point of impact is directly above or slightly behind the shuttle. The arm moves straight up as racquet head and shuttles meet. This shot is the most common and can be offensive, moving your opponent back from the net or defensive, gaining time to improve your own position. 6. Smash – the ultimate attacking shot. This shot is a powerful overhead shot used to put away a shuttle that is above the height of the net. A smash is hit high in the air and you snap your wrist as soon as your racket makes contact with the shuttle.

29. 7. Jump smash – players jump upwards for a steeper smash angle 8. Drop – This shot is a slow, gentle shot that falls just over the net into the opponent’s forecourt. This shot is used from the backcourt. When hitting this shot catch the shuttle high before it starts to fall down. Hit out and down to make the shot fall right over the net. 9. Drive- This is a line-drive shot that travels parallel to the ground, passing close over the net. This shot is used to aim and power hit at someone with your racket out in front of your body. Types of grips in badminton Types of grips in badminton

30. Why are grips important? If you don’t hold the racket correctly, you will never produce good badminton strokes. Grips are the basis for all racket skills. Using a good grip is the first step to mastering badminton. Here are some benefits of using a good grip: Benefits of a good grip More powerful smashes More accurate net shots and serves Stronger smash defense, and ready for both sides Deceptive strokes Using incorrect badminton grips will cripple your skill development.

31. Here are some common problems caused by incorrect grips: Problems caused by incorrect grips Clears are too short; smashes are weak Limited choice for the direction of your strokes Difficulty coping when opponents hit towards your body Obvious strokes that your opponents can predict Fundamental badminton grips Basic grip This should be your default way of holding a badminton racket. It is good for many different situations, including forehand overheads. This grip is often called the forehand grip or shake hands grip. Lee Jae Bok calls it the neutral grip.

32. Basic grip Panhandle grip Thumb grip Bevel grip

33. Different Badminton Strokes: 1. Serve – underhand stoke to start game play 2. Overhand clear – overhand stroke driving the birdie high and deep into the opponent’s court 3. Underhand Clear – underhand stroke driving the birdie highand deep into the opponent’s court 4. Drop – a short shot in which just clears the net, and falls close to the net in the opponent’s court. 5. Smash – an overhead stroke in which the birdie travels at a downward angle (spike).

34. 1. Defensive Badminton Clear/Lob-(overhand and underhand) This is the most basic badminton shot. Every beginner should first master this. The defensive badminton clear is performed to  get you out of trouble . In many instances, you’ll be under tremendous pressure by your opponent. This happens when your opponent plays at a faster pace and is firing continuous attacks on you.

35. Overhead Defensive Clear

36. Underarm Defensive Clear

37.   2, Badminton Drop Shot The badminton drop shot is semi-offensive. It’s performed from the back of the court and is usually used to maintain the pace of the game. The defensive clear slow down the pace of the game – because it keeps the shuttle in the air for quite a while. The drop shot, on the other hand, maintains the pace of the game. A drop shot performed at a steep angle lands on the ground quicker, compared to the clear or lob.

38. Badminton Drop Shot

39. Badminton Smash The smash is one of the most powerful badminton shots (apart from the jump smash) that is fired from a steep angle. However, when you decide to smash, you’re taking a risk. Smashing causes you to lose a certain degree of balance. Get behind the shuttle as early as possible  so that you are able to hit the shuttle when it is still high up. This allows you to smash the shuttle at a steep angle. Maintain extremely  good body balance  before you smash. Make sure that your opponent is off-guard . This means that your opponent is not ready to retrieve the smash.

40. Badminton Jump Smash To hit this shot, you will simply need to jump and hit the smash in mid air. This will: Create a steeper angle for your smash Enable you to inject more power into your smash

41. Badminton Net Shot (Tumbling/Spinning Net Shot) Badminton shots along the net (known as “net shots”) are used to create opportunities and dominate the front of the court.

42. Badminton Net Kill The net kill is a useful skill to end a rally when if your opponent executes a poor quality net shot (net shot that is too high).n When your opponent plays a net shot that is too high, strike with a net kill!

43. Badminton Drive Drives are fast and furious badminton shots exchanged horizontally across the net. One of the main reasons to hit the drive is to increase the pace of the game. drive is to increase the pace of the game.