Banana cultivation practices

The detail cultivation practices of Banana fruit crop.
HORT-243 Production technology of fruit crops and plantation crops.
Here, within this ppt the detail cultivation of banana fruit crop is included.

1. Cultivation of Banana fruit crop -By Miss. Raksha Anil Hingankar.

2. BANANA - Introduction Botanical Name: Musa paradisiaca , Musa cavendish Family : Musaceae Genus: Musa Origin: Mountainous regions of Assam, Burma, Thailand and Indochina. Chromosome No.: 2n= 33 Geographical Indication: Jalgaon District in Maharashtra.

3. BANANA – Economic Importance Important fruit crop next to mango fruit crop Occupies an area of 45400 ha. In Maharashtra, Jalgaon district leads in banana cultivation occupying about 34900 ha of area. Other banana growing districts are Prabhani , Thane, Dhule , Nanded And Aurangabad. Maharashtra leads in per ha production producing about 28.7 tons/ha as against the national average production 13.8 tons/ha. In Jalgaon , Avg. production per ha is about 40 tons/ha. One of the important energy producing fruits and is a good source of minerals and vitamins.

4. BANANA- Soil and Climate Soil : Fertility of soil is very important as banana is a gross feeder. The root system of banana is lateral and goes to a depth of 1 m. Can’t tolerate water stagnation Soil should be ½ to 1 m in depth, rich, well drained, fertile, free working, moisture retention containing plenty of organic matter. Optimum pH should be 6-8 The selected site should be protected from storms and winds. 2. climate: Banana is tropical crop and requires warm humid and rainy climate. Optimum temperature ranges is 13 C -14 C with relative humidity Basrai variety tolerates dry and warm climate and hence is widely grown in Jalgaon and other drier countries. Heavy storms, frost, low temperature below 10 C or extremely high temperature are detrimental to plant growth and kills the banana plant.

5. BANANA- Varieties 1. 1.Basrai : Widely planted variety in Maharashtra Very high yielding variety. Avg. production in Jalgaon district is 50 tons/ha. A leading variety of dry region. Resistant to panama disease. Susceptible to bunchy top disease. Very poor keeping quality. Dwarf variety growing up to height 1.5 to2.0 m in height. Avg. bunch weight is about 15 kg containing about 110-130 fruits Basrai

6. BANANA- Varieties 2. Harichal ( Bombay Green): Fruit colour is green and hence called as Harichal . Tall variety growing to a height of 3-3.5m. The bunch weight is 25-30 kg containing about 160 fruits Fruit is similar to as Basrai variety but skin color is greenish when ripe. 3.Lal velchi : Tall variety Compact bunch. Thick rind Strong flavor Medium sized fruits bunch wt. 20 kg Color of pseudo stem, petiole, midrib, and fruit is purplish red, Long duration variety (in Poovan -Tamil Nadu) Harichal Lal velchi

7. BANANA- Varieties 4. Safed velchi : Grown as intercrop in coconut and Arecanut . Small fruits, Sweet in taste cultivated in Thane. Reddish petiole region, Thin rib, white firm and sweet flesh. 5. Ardhapuri : A mutant of Basrai Taller than Basrai bigger fruit with yellow skin, Soft pulp, bunch weight 20 kg. Late variety by 20-30 days. Safed velchi

8. BANANA- Varieties 6.Shrimati: Grown in Jalgaon district Possible selection of Basrai . 7.Rajeli: Nendran (Kerala). This cultivar is known as plantain in the parts of the world. 8.Grand nain (G-9): High yielder Export quality Can be grown in Marathwada and western Maharashtra. Rajeli Grand Nain

9. BANANA- Planting 1. Planting Material: About 70% of the farmers are using suckers as planting material while the rest 30% of the farmers are using tissue culture seedlings Sword suckers with well developed rhizome, conical or spherical in shape having actively growing conical bud and weighing approximately 450-700 g are commonly used as propagating material. In-vitro clonal propagation i.e. Tissue culture plants are recommended for planting. They are healthy, disease free, uniform in growth and early yielding. 2. Treatment of planting material: The roots and base of the planting material may be removed. The suckers are dipped in a solution of 0.5 % monocrotophos and bavistin (0.1%) before planting.

10. BANANA- Planting 3. Planting season: In Maharashtra, for Kharif season planting is done in July-July, but to avoid the effect of low temperatures at the time of emergence of inflorescence, February planting is advocated. In Jalgaon District October planting is also done at some places to take off season crop which is also called “ Kande Bag”. 4. Planting Method: The land should be ploughed, harrowed and leveled. Pit Method: Pits of ½ X ½ X ½ m 3 are dug. This method is laborious and expensive No earthing up is required, planting is done automatically at deeper depth. If soils are deep, no necessity to take pits.

11. BANANA- Planting b ) Furrow Method: Most common method of planting. Furrows of 15-20 cm depth are opened with the help of ridges at regular distance and rhizomes are planted in furrow. In such planting earthing up is required to be done if ratoon crop is to be taken slightly deeper furrows are opened. 5.Planting distance: Varies upon variety, climate, yield and quality of produce. Tall and vigorous growing varieties Lal velchi , Harichal 3 X 3 m Medium growing varieties Basrai 1.25 X 1.25m

12. BANANA- Irrigation Banana is a water loving plant and is required to be irrigated frequently immediately after planting orchard is flooded with water. The interval of irrigation will depend upon the season, soil type and location. During monsoon no irrigation is given expect in long break. In summer months it is required to be irrigated more frequently. In Poona, Basrai variety requires about 40-45 irrigation/year. While in Jalgaon condition the same variety crop requires 80-90 irrigation/year. The number of irrigation can be reduced by checking the losses of water. Drip irrigation is more economical for irrigating the banana fruit crop.

13. BANANA- Manures and Fertilizers Heavy feeder response well to manuring . Makes excellent growth if plenty of organic matter is supplied To have good bunch all the manuring should be done in 4-5 months from planting. Farmyard Manure: 100-150 Cartloads FYM or compost/ ha is given at he time of tillage for better production. Recommended NPK per plant is as follows: N- 250 g P 2 O 5 - 200 g K 2 O- 250 g P 2 O 5 And K 2 O is applied at the time of planting while nitrogen is given in three spilt doses in the 3 rd ,4 th and 5 th month after planting.

14. BANANA- Inter-culturing The following inter-cultural operations are recommended for optimum productivity of the crop :   Spraying of Glyphosate before planting @ 2 lit/ha is carried out to keep the plantation weed free. Four to five weeding are to be done whenever necessary. Harrowing the field three to four times to keep the soil loose. Earthing up should be done at 3-4 months after planting raising the soil level around the base of the plant by 10-12”. It is better to prepare a raised bed and keep the drip line on bed 2-3” away from the plant. It also helps to protect plants from wind damage and production losses to some extent.

15. BANANA- Special Operation

16. BANANA- Special Operation

17. BANANA- Harvesting Under favorable conditions, banana starts flowering in 9-12 months Fruits matures in 3-5 months. Harvested at ¼ the maturity for distant markets while for local markets it is harvested at fruit maturity. The maturity sighs: Drying off top leaves. Change in color of fruits from deep green to light green. Tendency of floral ends of fruits to shed with slightest touch by hand. Fruit becomes plumpy and angles are filled in completely. When tapped gives metallic sound.

18. BANANA- Yield Avg. yield of Maharashtra is 28.7 ton/ha. Avg. yield of Basrai is 40 tons/ha. Most of the crops from Jalgaon area is marketed in the North by rail Wagons. Varieties Average yield (tones/ha.) Basrai , Rasthali 40-50 Shrimanti 70 Grand Naine 65 Ardhapuri , Meanyham 55 Hirsal , Safed Velchi , Red banana, Lal Velchi 45 Poovan 40-50 Monthan 30-40 Dwarf Cavendish , Robusta Champa & Chini desi 50-60 Nendran 30-35

19. BANANA- Pest Banana Stem borer: Two species larva of insects ( Cosmopolities sordidus and Odiporus Loqicollis ) feeds and make funnels inside the corn which rots into blackened mass. Symptoms: Leaves turn yellow, wither and the whole plant dies Management: Application of 3 g of Carbofuran granules per plant. Clean cultivation is an important measure for its control. 2. Thrips : Damage young fruits Symptoms: Causes brown freekling at maturity and skin becomes rough. Management: Covering the bunches can help to avoid this disease.

20. BANANA- Pest 3.Banana aphid : Vector: Pentalonia nigronervosa The virus causing bunchy top disease. Manangement : Application of granular insecticides at the time of planting to the rhizome Spraying of rogor , melathion , metasytox control the insect.

21. BANANA- Diseases 1.Banana Wilts (Panama): Scientific name: Fusraium oxysporum A soil borne fungal disease generally enters through roots in crop plant. Most serious in poorly drain soils Symptoms: Yellowing of lower leaves, leaves hang around the pseudo-stem and wither. Management: Diseased plants should be uprooted and brunt. Use disease free planting material and resistant cultivars. Use quicklime near the base of the plant.

22. BANANA- Diseases 2. Leaf spot or Sigatoka disease Scientific name: Mycosphaerella muscicola Symptoms: Light yellow sots occur on the leaves, further the enlarge and become oval, color changes to dark brown. Bunch grade and individual fruit size are reduced due to reduction of leaf area. Fruits of the affected plant remains angular, undersized, and ripen prematurely. Infection is common in rainy season having temperature above 21 C. Management: Soil application of Bayleton granules (1%), diathane M-45 controlled the disease.

23. 3.Bunchy Top: Viral Disease Transmitted to plant by the aphid vector Pentalonia nigronervosa . Dwarf bananas are very susceptible to this disease. Symptoms: Leaves are bunches together into a rosette at the top and side margins are wavy and slightly rolled upward. Management: Diseased plants along with rhizomes should be destroyed. Use disease free planting material and resistant cultivars. Spray Rogor 20 ml/ 10 liter of water to control Aphid. BANANA- Diseases

24. BANANA- Diseases 4. Banana Mosaic or infectious chlorosis : Manifest itself in all stages of crop growth Reason: Due to repeated use of suckers from infected plants, it spreads resulting decrease in yield and quality Symptoms: Leaves dwarf growth , mottled and distorted, abnormal thickened of leaf veins Management: The plantation should be kept free from weeds. Infected suckers should not be used. Spraying of Methyldemeton or Monocrotophos at 0.5 to 0.2 ml/plant at 3-4 weeks interval.

25. Thank You When you go to the grocery store, buy more bananas than cookies… -- Edith Wharton