Baroque Architecture

The building style of the Baroque era, begun in late 16th-century Italy, that took the Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new theatrical fashion, often to express the triumph of the Catholic Church and the absolutist state.
It was characterized by new explorations of form, light and shadow, and dramatic intensity.

1. BA roque Architecture PRESENTED BY: ROHIT BHATT B.ARCH IV SEM K.C.A.D. BAREILLY PRESENTED BY: AR. MAVISH ANJUM

2. What is Baroque architecture? The building style of the Baroque era, begun in late 16th-century Italy, that took the Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new theatrical fashion, often to express the triumph of the Catholic Church and the absolutist state. It was characterized by new explorations of form, light and shadow, and dramatic intensity. In Spain the term 'Baroque' originally denoted an irregular, oddly-shaped pearl, whereas in Italy it meant a pedantic, contorted argument of little dialectic value. Instead of straight lines of classicism, curved and broken line appeared. Decoration became more important and elaborate, and shapes became more complex.

3. History of Baroque Architecture (1550-1790) As the 16th century unfolded, the religious, political and philosophical certainties which had prevailed during the Early (c.1400-85) and High (1486-1520) Renaissance periods, began to unravel. In 1517, Martin Luther sparked the Protestant Reformation , casting European-wide doubt on the integrity and theology of the Roman Church. This was the catalyst for several wars involving France, Italy, Spain and England, and led directly to the Counter-Reformation movement, launched by Rome, to attract the masses away from Protestantism. For the rest of the century, this more dynamic style was known as Mannerism (style- ishness ), and thereafter, Baroque - a term derived from the Portugese word barocco , meaning 'an irregular pearl '.

4. History of Baroque Architecture (1550-1790) Baroque architecture and its embellishments were on the one hand more accessible to the emotions and on the other hand, a visible statement of the wealth and power of the Church. The new style manifested itself in particular in the context of the new religious orders, like the Theatines and the Jesuits who aimed to improve popular piety. A synthesis of Bernini, Borromini and Cortona’s architecture can be seen in the late Baroque architecture of northern Europe which paved the way for the more decorative Rococo style. In general, Baroque architecture constituted part of the struggle for religious superiority and for the hearts and minds of worshippers across Europe.

5. History of Baroque Architecture (1550-1790) Michelangelo's late Roman buildings, particularly St. Peter's Basilica , may be considered precursors to Baroque architecture. His pupil Giacomo della Porta continued this work in Rome, particularly in the façade of the Jesuit church Il Gesù , which leads directly to the most important church façade of the early Baroque, Santa Susanna (1603), by Carlo Maderno. Its facade is "the first truly baroque façade", introducing the baroque style into architecture.

6. CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES: Baroque paintings are brilliant, colourful, theatrical and passionate. They are fascinated with light, they have used light and colour to dissolve form, by having dark background. Portrayed emotional intensity- facial expressions and dramatic movements. The skills of reproducing reallistic effects in all media were developed, e.g.- marble, oil on canvas, etching etc. Boroque mingled what was real with what was only apparent- created a feeling of illusion.

7. TIME PERIODS OF BAROQUE EARLY BAROQUE HIGH BAROQUE LATE BAROQUE

8. Early baroque The foremost pioneer of Baroque architecture was Carlo Maderno , whose masterpiece is the facade of Saint Peter's Basilica, Vatican City. (Constructed under various architects throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Saint Peter's features a mixture of Renaissance and Baroque components, the facade being one of the latter.) Prior to Maderno, Saint Peter's had featured a central plan design , upon which various architects had worked (especially Michelangelo). Maderno converted the building into a Latin cross basilica by extending the nave, thus pushing the main entrance of the church forward. Saint Peter's can therefore be roughly divided into two parts: the core (designed largely by Michelangelo) and the front extension (designed by Maderno). The great dome of Saint Peter's is also chiefly Michelangelo's work, though Maderno did adjust its proportions (by stretching it vertically).

9. St. Peter’s basilica

10. D Ceiling of Dome Exterior of dome

11. High baroque The two foremost names in Baroque architecture are Bernini and Borromini , both of whom worked primarily in Rome.

12. Two masterpieces of Gian Lorenzo Bernini are found at St Peter's. One is the four-story baldachin that stands over the high altar.(A baldachin is an indoor canopy over a respected object, such as an altar or throne.) The other is the curving colonnades that frame St Peter's Square.

13. Bernini's most famous building is likely the small church of Sant'Andrea al Quirinale ("Saint Andrew's on Quirinal Hill"). Quirinal hill is one of the "seven hills of Rome".

14. Bernini's most famous building is likely the small church of Sant'Andrea al Quirinale ("Saint Andrew's on Quirinal Hill"). Quirinal hill is one of the "seven hills of Rome".

15. Francesco Borromini was the master of curved-wall architecture. Though he designed many large buildings, Borromini's most famous and influential work may be the small church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane ("Saint Charles at the Four Fountains"). This building is also found on Quirinal Hill.

16. Late baroque The Late Baroque marks the ascent of France as the heart of Western culture. Baroque art of France (and northern Europe generally) tends to be restrained, such that it can be described as a classical-Baroque compromise. The most distinctive element of French Baroque architecture is the double-sloped mansard roof (a French innovation).

17. The most famous Baroque structures of France are magnificent chateaux (grand country residences), greatest of which is the Palace of Versailles . One of the largest residences on earth, Versailles was built mainly under Louis XIV, whose patronage of the arts helped propel France to the crest of Western culture.

18. The palace facade admirably illustrates the classical-Baroque compromise of northern Europe. The walls are characterized largely by simple planar classicism , although they do contain such Baroque elements as sculpted busts, a triple stringcourse, double pilasters, and colossal pilasters. Additionally, the mansard roof features a sinuous metal railing and rich moulding around the dormer windows. Versailles became Europe's model of palace architecture, inspiring similarly grand residences throughout the continent.

19. Comparision with renaissance

20. GERMAN BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE

21. Wetenberg abbey church The abbey is situated on a peninsula in the Danube, on the so-called "Wetenberg Narrows" or the "Danube Gorge". The monastery, founded by Irish or Scottish monks in about 620, is held to be the oldest monastery in Bavaria.

22. In this church they use the lighting effects which called chiaroscuro. Chiaroscuro is a type of lighting effects, which means dark and light effects. Chiaroscuro  literally means clear-obscure or light-dark. It refers to the use of strong contrast or unusual lighting to create a strong dramatic effect in art. Chiaroscuro is of Latin origin with  Chiaro  meaning ‘light’ or ‘clear’ & ‘ oscuro ’ meaning ‘obscure’ or ‘dark.’

23. Lighting

24. Weingarten abbey church Weingarten Abbey or St. Martin's Abbey is a Benedictine monastery on the Martinsberg ( St. Martin's Mount ) in Weingarten near Ravensburg in Baden Württemberg (Germany).

25. This church have rich decoration and interior. Coffered dome is use in abbey church. Coffered roof make dome high . Building The current church was built between 1715 and 1724 in the Italian-German Baroque style according to plans by Franz Beer. The church is the second largest church in Germany, and is the largest Baroque church in Germany. The 102 meter long church is known as the " Swabian St. Peter's" since this church is almost exactly one-half the size of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.

26. Interior

27. Thank you!!! :)