BASIC ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN.pptx

basic design

1. BASIC ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN I Hunde Motera (Bsc In Architecture) Oct. 2018

2. BASIC ?

3. INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE

4. What is Architecture? Introduction To Architecture

5. Introduction To Architecture People need places for their activity These activities take place in buildings A discipline concerned with design of building is Architecture

6. Introduction To Architecture Hence Architecture the Art and Science of designing buildings and habitable structures

7. What is Art, Science and Design?

8. What is Art ? A creative human activity in which materials are shaped to convey an idea, emotion, or visually interesting form The use of skill and imagination in the creation of aesthetic objects or experiences that can be shared with others Divided into two Fine Art : Painting, Sculptor, Music & Poetry Decorative Art : pottery, weaving, metalworking, and furniture making.

9. What is Science ? The systematic observation of natural events and conditions to discover facts about them and to formulate laws and principles based on these facts Divided into two Natural Science : physics, biology, chemistry Social Science : like sociology, economics, geography No creativity but based on research and discovery

10. What is Design? A rational , logical , sequential process intended to solve problems Involves making a detailed plan of the form or structure of something Emphasizing features such as its appearance , convenience , durability and economy .

11. T hen Architecture is a discipline which uses art and science knowledge and skill to create, improve and restore habitable structures specially buildings . It is an art and science of designing buildings

12. Architecture and Other Related Disciplines Task of designer is to change Client Needs to Concepts to Building Image Three parties involve in realization of Client Needs Client Design Team Construction Team Architect ( Coordinator) UP and UE Surveyor & Geologist Structural Engineer Electrical Engineer Mechanical Engineer Sanitary Engineer Idea Needs Money

13. Design isn't a single professional task It is important to know other related disciplines including Urban Planning & Design Civil Engineering Electrical & Mechanical Engineering Sanitary Engineering Architecture and Other Related Disciplines

14. Urban Planning the organization of all elements of a town or urban environment. dealt with land use and the physical arrangement of city structures taking into consideration economical, social, physical environmental, administrative , historical …. Aspects urban planning document related to Architecture contains zoning ordinances like residential, commercial zone subdivision regulations like plot size building and housing codes like height limitation Architecture and Other Related Disciplines

15. Urban Engineering the application of science ( specially physics, maths and chemistry) in the design of urban infrastructure like Urban Houses and related buildings Urban Roads & Bridge Urban Water Supply, Urban Drainage & Sewerage System Architecture and Other Related Disciplines

16. Urban Design Before 1960s: Architecture & UP were the same After 1960s, split into UP : focus on land use pattern & organization of services & infrastructure Architecture : focus on design of buildings Gap is created: who is responsible for public spaces Urban design is the art & science of design of public spaces Architecture and Other Related Disciplines

17. Civil Engineering Practical application of science and math in the design of structures like road, bridge, dam etc. Building components Architectural : non supporting & space defining: walls, windows Structural : supporting like foundation, beam, column, slab Civil (Structural) Engineer design structural parts of a building Architecture and Other Related Disciplines

18. Electrical Engineering design and manufacture of systems and devices that use electric power and signals Building components includes electrical system switches, sockets, light points, water pump Electrical Engineer design the electrical system of a building Architecture and Other Related Disciplines

19. Mechanical Engineering design and manufacture all types of machineries building also include mechanical systems like elevators, escalators, heating, cooling, ventilating systems Mechanical Engineer designs the mechanical systems of a building Architecture and Other Related Disciplines

20. Sanitary Engineering design of water supply , drainage and sewerage system Sanitary Engineer designs the water supply, sewerage and drainage system of a building and its compound Architecture and Other Related Disciplines

21. Other Disciplines in a design of advanced buildings like museums, cinemas, meeting halls, hotels other disciples may involve Light Engineer Acoustics Engineer Interior Architect Landscape Architect etc. Architecture and Other Related Disciplines

22. Other Disciplines Architecture and Other Related Disciplines

23. BASIC ?

24. WHAT IS DESIGN? Many people would think of design as some kind of effort in beautifying the outward appearance of things. Certainly mere beautification is one aspect of design, but design is much more than this .

25. WHAT IS DESIGN? Design is not just ornamentation. The well-designed chair not only has a pleasing outward appearance, but Stands firmly on the ground and provides adequate comfort for whoever sits on it. Furthermore, it should be safe and quite durable , able to be produced at a comparatively economic cost, packed and shipped conveniently and It should have a specific function , whether for working, resting, dining or other human activities.

26. WHAT IS DESIGN? Design is a process of purposeful visual creation . Unlike painting and sculpture , which are the realization of artists’ personal visions and dreams, design fills practical needs. A piece of graphic design has to be placed before the eyes of the public and to convey a predetermined message.

27. WHAT IS DESIGN? The organization of parts into a coherent whole . A creative endeavor to solve a problem So, Design is

28. WHAT IS DESIGN? Major characteristic features about design: Process Problem solving Creative activity Design as Process Any process is expected to have a definite beginning that sets it in motion and a definite end where the motion stops . A design activity is therefore triggered by some stimuli that starts a process. Design as Problem solving The trigger that sets things in motion is usually the need to solve a problem . This in turn implies that the activity that we call design starts by identifying a problem to be solved and tries to use inputs from the human mind (the designer) to come up with possible solutions Design as Creative activity There might be more than one possible solution to a specific problem. A designer is expected to explore possibilities and use his power of imagination to generate the best solution that is unique and original at the same time.

29. Who is a Designer? A designer is an individual that produces an original work of creation. What it Takes to Undertake a Design Activity ? Knowledge: Set of accumulated information Imagination : Power of visualizing various layers, sides, Dimension & Possibilities of Information Skill : The ability to execute our ideas

30. Understanding The Perceptual Process Perception and sensation What is Sensation? What is perception ?

31. Understanding The Perceptual Process Perception and sensation Sensation: Refers to the immediate, relatively unprocessed result of stimulation of sensory receptors in the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, or skin . Perception: A process by which organisms interpret and organize sensation to produce meaningful experience of the world. In practice, sensation and perception are virtually impossible to separate, because they are part of one continuous process.

32. Understanding The Perceptual Process How do we perceive? Organizing raw sensory stimuli into meaningful experiences involves cognition , a set of mental activities that includes thinking, knowing, and remembering. • Knowledge + experience

33. Understanding The Perceptual Process How do we perceive? Olny srmat poelpe can raed tihs . I couldn’t blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was rdanieg . The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid , aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy , it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae . The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm . Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef , but the wrod as a wlohe . Amzanig huh? yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt ! If you can raed this psas it on !! Psas Ti ON !

34. Understanding The Perceptual Process Perception and Gestalt theory Perception Perception is the process of organizing, interpreting, and selectively extracting sensory information. The process of using the senses to acquire information About the surrounding environment or situation

35. Understanding The Perceptual Process Perception and Gestalt theory Gestalt theory Gestalt deals with the psychology of human perception Gestalt ( translated from German) means the entire figure or configuration or shape. Gestalt’s basic premise is that organization is central to all mental activity and is a reflection of how the brain functions. Using gestalt the whole is understood to be different from the sum of its parts .

36. Understanding The Perceptual Process Perception and Gestalt theory Gestalt theory The main aspects of gestalt are Closure Proximity Continuance Similarity and Common fate Individually or collectively, these aspects help us understand form as a meaningful whole and not as isolated , unrelated part .

37. Understanding The Perceptual Process Perception and Gestalt theory Closure The main aspects of gestalt are Closure Proximity Continuance Similarity and Common fate According to the law of closure, we prefer complete forms to incomplete forms.

38. Understanding The Perceptual Process Perception and Gestalt theory Closure The main aspects of gestalt are Closure Proximity Continuance Similarity and Common fate According to the law of closure, we prefer complete forms to incomplete forms.

39. Understanding The Perceptual Process Perception and Gestalt theory Closure The main aspects of gestalt are Closure Proximity Continuance Similarity and Common fate According to the law of closure, we prefer complete forms to incomplete forms.

40. Understanding The Perceptual Process Perception and Gestalt theory Proximity The main aspects of gestalt are Closure Proximity Continuance Similarity and Common fate The closer objects are to one another, the more likely we are to mentally group them together.

41. Understanding The Perceptual Process Perception and Gestalt theory Proximity The main aspects of gestalt are Closure Proximity Continuance Similarity and Common fate The closer objects are to one another, the more likely we are to mentally group them together. FREE WATER FOOD SOLD FREE WATER FOOD SOLD When you went to a restaurant and read this

42. Understanding The Perceptual Process Perception and Gestalt theory Continuance The main aspects of gestalt are Closure Proximity Continuance Similarity and Common fate The law of continuity leads us to see a line as continuing in a particular direction, rather than making an abrupt turn. We perceive the figure as two crossed lines instead of 4 lines meeting at the center. Occurs when a part of a form overlaps itself with or an adjacent form. Your eye is led to follow the dominant from across the secondary without interruption.

43. Understanding The Perceptual Process Perception and Gestalt theory Similarity The main aspects of gestalt are Closure Proximity Continuance Similarity and Common fate The law of similarity leads us to link together parts of the visual field that are similar in color , lightness, texture, shape, or any other quality . In the example to the left, the larger circles appear to belong together because of the similarity in size

44. Understanding The Perceptual Process Perception and Gestalt theory Similarity The main aspects of gestalt are Closure Proximity Continuance Similarity and Common fate The law of similarity leads us to link together parts of the visual field that are similar in color , lightness, texture, shape, or any other quality .

45. Understanding The Perceptual Process Perception and Gestalt theory Common fate The main aspects of gestalt are Closure Proximity Continuance Similarity and Common fate The law of common fate leads us to group together objects that move in the same direction.

46. Assignment 1 ( in a group of two ) Task - using primary shapes, design any figures that exhibits the common aspects of gestalt ? Media - in sketch and model. Paper size - A4 format. Submission date - next class

47. Understanding The Perceptual Process Figure Ground Relationship Our visual field consists of heterogeneous elements that differ in size, shape ,color or orientation We tend to organize the elements in to two opposite groups : positive elements which perceived as a figure and negative elements which provide a background for the figure .. FIGURE GROUND RELATIONSHIP

48. Understanding The Perceptual Process Figure Ground Relationship Our perception and understanding of a composition depends on how we interpret the visual interaction between the positive and the negative elements . A A A A a a a a

49. Understanding The Perceptual Process Figure Ground Relationship Our perception and understanding of a composition depends on how we interpret the visual interaction between the positive and the negative elements . a a Line defines the mass and the void The form of solid mass rendered as a figure The form of spatial void rendered as a figure

50. Understanding The Perceptual Process Figure Ground Relationship Sometimes the relationship between figure is so ambiguous that we visually switch their identities back and forth almost simultaneously. Its face or vase?

51. Understanding The Perceptual Process Figure Ground Relationship Sometimes the relationship between figure is so ambiguous that we visually switch their identities back and forth almost simultaneously.

52. Understanding The Perceptual Process Figure Ground Relationship Sometimes the relationship between figure is so ambiguous that we visually switch their identities back and forth almost simultaneously.

53. Assignments 2 (individual task) Design an outline that have an Ambiguous figure ground relation ? Take the shortest side of a landscape A4 paper and Design an outline that fits in a squire at the edge of the paper. It must be easily recognized and occupy the space in the format. Only two colors will be used: one for the figure and one for the ground. Submission date – Next class

54. Understanding The Perceptual Process Visual illusions

55. Understanding The Perceptual Process Visual illusions

56. Understanding The Perceptual Process Visual illusions

57. Understanding The Perceptual Process Visual illusions

58. Understanding The Perceptual Process Visual illusions

59. Understanding The Perceptual Process Visual illusions

60. Understanding The Perceptual Process Visual illusions Visual / Visual illusions

61. Understanding The Perceptual Process Visual illusions Visual / Visual illusions

62. Understanding The Perceptual Process Impossible figures Visual / Visual illusions

63. Understanding The Perceptual Process Impossible figures

64. Understanding The Perceptual Process Impossible figures

65. Understanding The Perceptual Process Impossible figures

66. Understanding The Perceptual Process Impossible figures

67. Understanding The Perceptual Process Impossible figures

68. Understanding The Perceptual Process Impossible figures

69. Understanding The Perceptual Process Reversible Figures

70. Understanding The Perceptual Process Reversible Figures

71. Understanding The Perceptual Process Reversible Figures

72. THANK YOU !!! Next Class – Elements And Principles Of Architecture