Basic Concepts in Plant Science (Intro of Botany) by Dr. M.R.Bhise

The basic concepts in plant science, scope, diversity & some records of plants are discuss in presentation. This concepts should be know before learning the Plant Science or Botany.

1. INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY By Prof. Dr. Mahendra R. Bhise , (M.Sc., Ph.D.) Assistant Professor, Dept. of Botany, Late Ku. Durga K. Banmeru Science College, Loni Road, Lonar . Dist. Buldhana . 443302 Email: [email protected] By Dr. M.R. Bhise

2. Origin of Botany Father of Botany : Theophrastus (371 BC -287 BC) The word ‘BOTANY’ derived from Greek noun ‘ botane ’ means herb. BOTANY: it is the branch of BIOLOGY deals with the study of plants with various aspects. All things can defined by their structure and function By Dr. M.R. Bhise

3. Five Kingdome System For Classification of Living Organisms By Dr. M.R. Bhise

4. Algae Bryophytes Pteridophytes Gymnosperms Angiosperms Cyanobacteria Evolution Of Plants By Dr. M.R. Bhise

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6. Characters of Plants Autotrophic ( synthesized their own food by Photosynthesis ) Alternation of Generation ( Gametophytic & Sporophytic ) Reproduce by Vegetative, Asexual & Sexual method Consume atmospheric CO 2 & release O 2 Recycled the Elements Maintain Water cycle Serve a Food Resource for Heterotrophic group By Dr. M.R. Bhise

7. Importance of Plants Fulfill the basic needs (Food, Cloths & Shelter) of Human life Produce Oxygen (O 2 ) Consume Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Maintained Climate Cool Provide food source to Herbivores Regulate the Nutrient Cycle, Water Cycle Serve as a Drug or Medicine Increase Beauty of Nature Ornamental Purpose Provide Shade Wood, Fuel, Furniture, Fossil Fuel By Dr. M.R. Bhise

8. Branches of Botany By Dr. M.R. Bhise

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10. Diversity of Microbes & Plants Protista: Paramecium, Ameoba Monera : Bacteria ( Rhizobium , E. Colii ), Viruses (HIV, TMV) Cyanobacteria : Anabeana , Nostoc , Oscillatoria Algae: Spirogyra, Sargassum , Batrachospermum Bryophytes: Riccia , Marchantia Pteridophytes: Adiantum , Actinopteris , Nephrolepis Gymnosperms: Cycas , Pinus , Gnetum Angiosperms: Mango, Soyabean, Pea By Dr. M.R. Bhise

11. Diversity of Plants Based on Life Duration Ephimerals Seasonal Annual Bianual Perenial Based on Habit or body appearance Herb Climber Twinner Shrub Tree By Dr. M.R. Bhise

12. Natural Classification of Plants Cryptogames Algae (Fritsch & Smith) Fungi (Ainsworth) Bryophytes (Mosses) (G. Smith ) Pteridopytes (Ferns) (G. M. Smith, ) Phanerogames Gymnopserms (D. D. Pant, ) Angiosperms ( Benthum & Hooker, ) By Dr. M.R. Bhise

13. Habitats of Plants Aquatic (Water loving Plants) Hydrophytes Halophytes Terrestrial (Land Plants) Mesophytes Xerophytes By Dr. M.R. Bhise

14. Habit of the Plants Herb: Climber: Twinner : Shrub: Tree By Dr. M.R. Bhise

15. Plant Parts Root: Tap & Adventitious/ Fibrous Roots Stem: Branched/ Unbranched Leaves: Simple/ Compound Inflorescence: Racemose / Cymose Flower: Calyx, Corolla, Androecium & Gynoecium By Dr. M.R. Bhise

16. Reproduction in Plants Ty pes Vegetative Asexual Sexual Mechanism Gamete Formation Pollination Fertilization Fruit Formation Seed Dispersal Mechanism By Dr. M.R. Bhise

17. Interesting Plant Morphology External Morphology (SEM Photo) Bark, Lenticell , Cuticle, Hairs, Trichomes , Spines, colour , flower colour Internal Morphology: Stomata, Cellular Organization, Tissues, Primary & Secondary Growth By Dr. M.R. Bhise

18. Special Plants Insectivorous Plants Epiphytic Plants Ephemerals Parasitic Plants Obligate Parasitic Plants Nocturnal Plants By Dr. M.R. Bhise

19. Important Records of Plants Wolffia : Smallest flowering plants on Earth, found in ponds Eucalyptus regnans : tallest flowering plant species (99.6 m (327 ft) in Southern Tasmania) Victoria amazonica : largest leaves By Dr. M.R. Bhise

20. Cycad ( Lepidozamia hopei ): Largest Gymnosperms (49 ft height) Cyathea brownii   : Tallest Pteridophyte (66 ft height) Schistochila appendiculata : Largest Bryophytes (3.6 ft long) Rafflesia arnoldii : largest Flower By Dr. M.R. Bhise

21. Interesting Plant Utilization Asafoitida ( Hing ) Dagadful (Lichen) Flavors (Ice Creams, Chocolates) Fragrance ( Agarbatti , Kevada , Rose, Mogara , Chafa , Neem , Lemon, Sandal) Paints/ Dyes: Hirda , Indigofera (Nil), Yellow ( Bhend ) By Dr. M.R. Bhise

22. Spices Pharmaceuticals Herbal Cosmetics Supplements (Chocolate, Proteins, Oil, Glucose, Vitamins, Biofertilizers Biopesticides By Dr. M.R. Bhise

23. THANK YOU By Dr. M.R. Bhise