BASIC FIRST AID (BFA).pdf

First AID DRABCD

1. FIRST AID AWARNESS

2. Housekeeping
Fire alarm/exits
Toilets
Smoking
Drinks
Breaks
Lunch
Questions
Talking over others.

3. 3
As a courtesy to others
please set your phone to
SILENT MODE.
Housekeeping

4. Aim of The Course
The aims of First Aid or the reasons for
carrying it out or to be more specific,
what the first aider is trying to achieve.
They are:

 Preserve life.
 Promote recovery.
 Prevent worsening of any injuries.

5. Cotenants Of The Course
 Introduction.
 Patient Assessment.
 Basic CPR + AED Skills.
 Choking.
 Types of Common Medical Emergencies.
 How to control bleeding.
Specific First Aid Topics.

6. 6
Module Guide

2
3
Responsibilities of the
first aider
4
Medical Emergency
5 Sudden Cardiac Arrest
6 Basic CPR & AED skills
7
8
The Respiratory System
9
Wounds & Bleeding
Other Injuries
1 Introduction
Assessing an Incident

7. Introduction

8. 8
Introduction
The contents of this course
have been specifically to assist
the first aiders in remote area
during an emergency situation,
particularly when professional
help is not readily available.
It is important to remember that
the candidates attending the first
aid course are not medically
trained and the response and
treatment they give to a casualty
will be limited according to their
level of training and ability,
calling for assistance and
transporting the casualty to the
nearest hospital facility should
always be a priority.

9. First aid is the temporary emergency
treatment for an injury or illness
before regular medical aid is
available
What is First Aid?
For all first-aid treatment
you should wear disposable
gloves.

10. 10
Responsibilities of the First Aider

11. What are the main aims
of first aid?
Administer immediate effective first aid to
a casualty in order to save life
Preserve life
Prevent the condition from worsening
Promote recovery
Remember! If you have not contacted the
emergency services then they will not arrive!
●Recognising and treating the cause
will assist with preventing the
condition from worsening
●Administer ongoing treatment and
offer constant support until the arrival
of qualified medical assistance

12. 12 12
As Per ADNOC COP
First Aider must hold valid certificate from an
accredited training provider as per
Department of Health standards.

Ratios of first aiders to number of employees
must be in line with the work place
environment and needs of the employer,
employees and the requirements specific to
the identified risks.

The trained First aiders must be identified and
designated to the role and appropriately
distributed in the work place.
Legislative requirements

13. 13
Number of First Aider personnel as
per ADNOC COP
First aiders are required to provide immediate
treatment or care to a person suffering from an
injury or illness until more advanced care is
provided or the person recovers.
Legislative requirements

14. 14
As Per ADNOC COP
Contractor shall ensure compliance
with ADNOC and ADNOC Group
Companies policies and procedures in
dealing with medical emergencies.

Contractors shall develop and
implement Medical Emergency
Response Plan, including medical
evacuation as part of the Facility
Emergency Response Plan
Legislative requirements

15. Legislative requirements
As per OSHAD-SF Code of practice
CoP 4.0
Employers have a responsibility
for the health and safety of their
employees. They are also
responsible for any visitors to the
premises such as customers,
suppliers and the general public.

First aid within the workplace is
governed by legislative requirements
D

16. Legislative requirements
The Management of the Health & Safety at
Work Regulations 1999
OSHAD-SF Code of practice CoP 4.0
The main requirement on employers is to
carry out a concise risk assessment of
the workplace. Employers with five or
more employees need to record the
significant findings of the risk
assessment. The risk assessment will
assist employers in determining the first-
aid provision and requirements within the
workplace.

17. Medical Emergency

18. 18
Assessing an
incident
ontrol the situation
ook for potential hazards
ssess the situation
rotect and prioritise.
Upon arrival at an incident a scene
survey must be conducted to ensure the
safety of the casualty, any bystanders and
the first aider. The scene survey should be
conducted by remembering the acronym
CLAP.
D

19. Medical Emergency
1- Accident
3- First Aid
4- Ambulance
Service
5- Hospital Service
2- Activate EMS

20. 20
The Medical Emergency Response procedure should at least
contain the following:

The list of trained First aiders
Flow Chart of the process for medical response and
evacuation
The name and phone number of the ambulance services
Names and contacts of the On-Scene Commanders
Any other relevant information

ADNOC Group shall involve the contractor medical facilities
and staff in its Emergency Preparedness Exercises /Drills
where deemed necessary
Medical Emergency Response

21. Personal Protection

22. Preventing disease
Transmission
The major risk is from disease transmitted by blood
and body fluids, these include:

HIV.
Hepatitis
H1N1
COVID 19
22

23. Preventing disease
Transmission
To reduce the risk to both the casualty and the rescuer
you should:
Wash your hands before and after treatment if possible.
Alternatively use a hand sanitizer gel.
 wear gloves from the first aid kit when attending any casualty.
Test the gloves before use
Remove the gloves carefully to avoid any contamination from
body fluids as shown.
23

24. 24
The responsibilities of
the emergency first aider
●Ensuring first-aid equipment is fit for purpose
●Arriving at the scene
●Ensuring the scene is safe
●Contacting the emergency services
●Prioritising the treatment of casualties
●Clearing up after an incident
●Incident reporting and recording.

25. 25
Preventing disease
Transmission

26. 26
First aid kit box contents

All personnel shall be able to access a first aid kit. At least one
first aid kit shall be provided at the workplace.

The first aid kit shall provide basic equipment for administering
first aid for injuries including:
Cuts, scratches, punctures, grazes and splinters;
Muscular sprains and strains;
Minor burns;
Amputations and/or major bleeding wounds;
Broken bones;
Eye injuries; and
Shock.

27. 27
First aid kit box
Design of Kits

First aid kits can be any size, shape or type
to suit the workplace, but each kit shall:
Be large enough to contain all the
necessary items;
Be immediately identifiable with a white
cross or crescent on green background
that is prominently displayed on the
outside;
Contain a list of the contents for that kit;
and
Be made of material that will protect the
contents from dust, moisture and
contamination.

28. 28
Location:

In the event of a serious injury or
illness, quick access to the kit is vital.
First aid kits shall be kept in a
prominent, accessible location and
able to be retrieved promptly.
If the workplace occupies several
floors in a multi-storey building, at least
one kit shall be located on every
second floor. The emergency escape
route layout displayed in the workplace
shall include the location of first aid
kits.
First aid kit box

29. Assessing an Incident

30.  Scene Safety.
 Level of Consciousness.
 CAB’s of Life.
 Head to Toe Examination
Patient
Assessment

31. Scene Safety
Before performing any First Aid, Check for:
1. Electrical hazards
2. Chemical hazards
3. Ground hazards
4. Fire
5. Unstable equipment
“ A RESCUER WILL NEVER BE A GOOD FIRST
AIDER IF HE HIMSELF BECOMES THE VICTIM”.

32. Level of Consciousness


 Alert

 Verbal Response.

 Pain Response.

 Unresponsive.

33. First aiders will either contact the
emergency services themselves or instruct
a bystander to do so
Contacting them at the earliest opportunity
is paramount
Contacting the
emergency services
The number for contacting
the emergency services is: 998
●When contacting the Emergency Services, it is
important that the information given is clear,
concise and sufficient
●This can be achieved by remembering the
acronym LINE.

34. CAB’s of LIFE
Circulation
 Airway.
 Breathing.

35. 35
Primary survey

36. Primary survey
With an
unresponsive
casualty open the
airway using the
head-tilt-chin-lift
method.

37. Head tilt chin lift
Tongue
closed open

38. obstruction

39. Primary survey
After opening the
airway look, listen
and feel for normal
breathing for no
more than 10
seconds.

Agonal Gasps
Present in 40% of cardiac
arrest victims. After a cardiac arrest
a casualty may be barely breathing
or taking NOISY infrequent gasping
breaths. This is not to be confused
with normal breathing.

40. 40
Secondary survey
(Head-to-toe survey)
If the casualty is breathing, a secondary survey should be
carried out. Inform the casualty what you are doing at all
stages. If the casualty is responsive ask them to tell you if they
feel any pain during the head-to-toe survey
Head and face
Neck
Chest and shoulders
Arms and hands
Spine
Pelvis
Abdomen
Legs and feet.

41. The recovery position
Placing the casualty in the recovery position helps to:
maintain a clear airway
assist with natural breathing
clear the airway of excretions such as vomit if the
casualty is breathing, but unresponsive
Kneel to the side of the
casualty; remove
glasses, watches and
any large objects from
side pockets
If you
suspect
a spinal injury
(unless breathing
is compromised)
the casualty
should be left in
the position
found.

42. Place the arm
nearest to you at
a right angle to
the casualty and
allow it to rest in
a natural
position
When
placing a
pregnant woman
into the recovery
position she
should be placed
onto her left hand
side, as this
prevents
compression of
the inferior vena
cava.
The recovery position

43. Bring the other
arm across the
casualty’s chest
and secure the
back of their
hand onto their
nearest cheek.
The recovery position

44. Bring the arm furthest away from
you across the chest and hold the
back of the hand against the
nearest cheek.
The recovery position

45. With your free
hand grasp the
casualty’s
clothing around
the knee and
draw the leg up
ensuring the foot
remains on the
ground.
NEXT
The recovery position

46. Keeping the
casualty’s hand
on their cheek to
control the head
movement, pull
their leg towards
you so the
casualty turns
onto their side.
NEXT
The recovery position

47. Adjust the
casualty’s upper
leg so that the
knee and lower
leg are at right
angles to the
hip, making a
stable base.
The recovery position

48. Check that
the airway is
open and
adjust the
hand under
the cheek to
maintain the
airway.
NEXT
The recovery position

49. The casualty is now in
the recovery position
NEXT

50. Sudden Cardiac Arrest
SCA
50

51. The respiratory system
Air
route

52. The respiratory system

53. 2. Sudden cardiac arrest, or SCA, can
occur without warning to anyone, at any
time. It is one of the leading causes of
death among adults in all over the
world
53

54. Causes of SCA:
Heart disease.
Electrical shock.
Severe blood loss.
Drug overdose.
Drowning.
54

55. 3. Chain of Survival:


55

56. Basic
CPR + AED
Skills

57. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, commonly called CPR,
combines rescue breathing (one person breathing into
another person) and chest compression in a lifesaving
procedure performed when a person has stopped breathing
or a person's heart has stopped beating

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation

CPR

58. 1- Rescue Breathing:
The way to the passage of air into the
lungs of the patient suffering
from breathing stops to avoid brain
damage and do not forget that the brain
damage begins after 4minutes from the
stoppage of pumping oxygen to him.
The idea that the rescuer breathing the
air exhaled in human savior conscious an
d healthy as it contains the percentage
of oxygen ranging between 16-18%.

59. How to give Rescue Breathing:
With CPR Mask Without CPR Mask
2 rescue breaths

60. 2- Chest Compressions:
If the person starts breathing again, place them in the
recovery position. Periodically re-check for breathing until
help arrives.
30 chest compressions

62. The correct position of the
Paramedic:
2- Chest Compression:
Try to use the movement
of the backbone of
the pressure on the chest and
do not allow yourself to
use by clicking the forearms.

63. CPR for children (more than a year)
Is no different CPR for children and
adults only in the following:
 The depth of chest pressure,
one-third to half the height
of the chest.

 Using one hand to chest
pressure.

64. Because of the size of the baby there
are some differences in CPR :

The depth of the pressure one-third
to half the height chest.


 Use two fingers to pressure chest
CPR for babies (the moment of
birth - Year

65. AED
Automated External
Defibrillator
65

66. Types of Defibrillators
1. Manual Defibrillator – external:

67. Types of Defibrillators
Fully automated external defibrillator:

68. What is AED
(Automated External Defibrillator)?
“The goal of an AED program
is to increase the rate of
survival of people who have a
sudden cardiac arrest.”

69. Using AED:
Turn on the AED machine and follow the voice instruction.
Open the casualty’s clothes.
Place the pads as shown.
Ensure no one is touching the casualty
Allow the AED to analyze the casualty.
Push the shock button.
Being CPR immediately.
Continue until help arrive.
69
(Automated External Defibrillator)

70. 70
Employers should consider establishing an AED program
and installing AEDs to manage sudden cardiac arrest in their
workplace, based on risk assessment and /or as mandated
by relevant authorities.

Using AED:
1.Include a management system and written summary of the AED
program, establishing clearly defined lines of responsibility for those
who oversee and monitor the program or participate in it;

2.Assign a licensed health care professional for managing all medical
aspects of the AED program and oversee the program’s
administration and coordination activities;

(Automated External Defibrillator)

71. 71
Using AED:
3. Be integrated in the more general plan describing emergency responses
at the occupational setting;
4. Include recognized and standardized training of all designated first aid
responders and employed healthcare professionals. Topics should include
CPR and use of the specific AED expected to be available and used at the
occupational sit

Note: In case of sudden cardiac arrest, AEDs should be used by the first
available suitably trained first aider.

5. Ensure selection and placement of AEDs and ancillary supplies that
meet local and federal legislation criteria for medical devices, and ensure
they are regularly maintained as per the manufacturer’s requirements; and
6. be incorporated into, or have its own quality assurance program.
(Automated External Defibrillator)

72. SHOUT
Match the correct description
DANGER A
RESPONSE
B
C
AIRWAY
D
BREATHING E
CPR/CIRCULATION F
DEFIBRILLATION
G
We need to open this to check for breathing 1.
We need to check for no more than 10 seconds for this 2.
This should be used alongside CPR 3.
Prior to approaching the casualty, visually check the area for… 4.
If not breathing commence… 5.
checking for consciousness 6.
The action carried out if the casualty is unresponsive 7.
KEY TASK 1

73. SHOUT
DANGER A
RESPONSE
B
C
AIRWAY
D
BREATHING E
CPR/CIRCULATION F
DEFIBRILLATION
G
We need to open this to check for breathing 1.
We need to check for no more than 10 seconds for this 2.
This should be used alongside CPR 3.
Prior to approaching the casualty, visually check the area for… 4.
If not breathing commence… 5.
checking for consciousness 6.
The action carried out if the casualty is unresponsive 7.
KEY TASK 1
Match the correct description

74. The Respiratory System

75. Obstructed airway
The obstruction of the airway can be due to different
causes such as:
foreign bodies (foods)
allergic reactions
asthma
blood
vomit
infection

An obstruction can cause minor or major breathing
difficulties and may cause the casualty to become
unconscious and unresponsive.
An obstructed airway is the partial or
complete blockage of the upper airway
(larynx and trachea) which leads to the lungs
D

76. Recognising a choking
casualty
Grasping at the throat area
Difficulty in breathing and
speaking
Redness of the face
Eyes enlarged and watering
Displaying distress.

77. REASSURE the
casualty. Seek medical
help if it is necessary
REASSURE the casualty
Seek medical HELP
Dealing with a
conscious choking adult
YES
Is the casualty
CHOKING?
Give up to 5
BACK BLOWS
Is this
SUCCESSFUL?
Give up to 5
ABDOMINAL
THRUSTS
Is this
SUCCESSFUL?
YES
NO
NO
If after 3 cycles there is no improvement, call 999.
NO
YES
If there is a partial
blockage encourage the
casualty to COUGH UP
the obstruction

78. Dealing with an
unconscious choking adult
Support the casualty to the
ground
Give 2 effective breaths.
If they are not effective check the
airway and remove any obstruction
before your next attempt.
Do NOT interrupt CPR
Dial 999. Check on the
availability
of an AED
Start CPR immediately with 30
chest compressions
Continue CPR
30 COMPRESSIONS – 2 BREATHS
●Continue until professional help
arrives, the casualty recovers or you
become exhausted.
NEXT

79. Children (one year - 8 years):
It is no different for
children from adults, taking
into account the length of the
child
Treatment for Children

80. Treatment for infants
If the infant is distressed, is unable to cry, cough, or
breathe:

•Lay them face down along your forearm, with their
head low, and support the back and head.
•Give up to five back blows, with the heel of your
hand.
•Check the infant's mouth.
•remove any obvious obstructions.

81. If the obstruction is still present:
•Turn the infant onto his back and give up to five chest thrusts.
•Use two fingers, push inwards and upwards.
•The aim is to relieve the obstruction with each chest thrust
rather than necessarily doing all five.
•Check the mouth.
Treatment for infants

82. Asthma
●Breathlessness (gasping for breath)
●Wheezing
●Tightness of the chest
●Bouts of coughing
●Cyanosis (grey/blue lips and skin)
●Possible unconsciousness.
Recognition
Asthma is a condition that affects and
inflames the airways, making it difficult to
manage normal breathing; there are many
‘asthma triggers’ such as dust, pet fur and
house dust
D

83. Asthma
Assist the casualty to sit down
Ensure use of medication (reliever inhaler)
and get the casualty to follow own personal
action plan
Reassure the casualty
If the attack is prolonged contact the
emergency services
Be prepared to carry out basic life support
Treatment (General)
If it is the casualty’s first attack or they are
hyperventilating then contact the emergency
services immediately and be prepared to carry
out basic life support.

84. Place in order of action for a
choking casualty. Label 1-5.
KEY TASK 3

85. Place in order of action for a
choking casualty. Label 1-5.
KEY TASK 3
1 2 3 4 5

86. Wounds and Bleeding

87. The circulatory system
The average adult heart beats continuously
at a rate of 60-100 beats per minute. The average
adult human body holds 8-10 pints of blood. The
body struggles to operate if one third of its blood
has been lost. Blood pressure will fall quickly and
the situation becomes critical.
The circulatory system in its basic form
consists of the heart, blood vessels and
blood. Problems or malfunctions with the
circulatory system can lead to major life
threatening conditions and cause health
issues such as angina, heart attacks, strokes
and blood clots
D

88. Types of bleeding
This is when blood escapes from the circulatory
system, but remains inside the body.
Sometimes signs of internal bleeding can be
visible such as when the casualty coughs up
blood or vomits blood, but most of the time
internal bleeding is not apparent


This is where blood escapes from the
circulatory system to the outside of the body, for
example from a wound.
Internal bleeding
External bleeding

89. Types of bleeding (continued)
This is a bleed from an artery and will be bright
red in colour (oxygenated blood); the blood will
pump from the wound in time with the casualty’s
heartbeat


This is a bleed from a vein, the blood will be a
dark red in colour (deoxygenated blood) and will
gush or flow from the wound


This is a bleed that is red in colour and slowly
oozes from the wound or from underneath the
skin, e.g. bruising.

Arterial bleeding
Venous bleeding
Capillary bleeding

90. Treatment of bleeding
(general)
Ensure that you wear gloves
Sit or lay the casualty down on a firm stable base
Examine the wound
Do not attempt to remove any embedded foreign objects
Apply direct pressure onto the wound to try and stem the
bleeding
Apply a sterile dressing and elevate the injured part if
possible
If blood seeps through the first dressing apply a second
If blood seeps through both remove both and start again
Support and elevate the wound, be prepared to treat for
shock
Do not allow smoking, eating or drinking. Contact
emergency services and monitor.
Treatment

91. Wound with
embedded
foreign object.
Wounds with
embedded foreign object

92. Apply
dressings and
pressure to
either side of
the embedded
object.
Wounds with
embedded foreign object

93. Apply a larger
dressing if
possible over
the top.
Wounds with
embedded foreign object

94. Ask the
casualty to
assist if able.
Wounds with
embedded foreign object

95. Secure the
dressing in
place.
Wounds with
embedded foreign object

96. Contact the
emergency
services,
monitor the
casualty and if
required treat
for shock.
If you have not contacted
the emergency services
then they will not arrive!
Wounds with
embedded foreign object

97. How to treat a big bleed
Do you know how to treat a deep wound to the arm?
Put the pictures in the right order…
The right order is:
Click for answers
H D B G E A C F

98. 98
Other Injuries

99. Fractures and dislocations
Closed (no associated wound)
Open (the fracture has broken
the skin)
Complicated (the fracture is
causing a further injury to
vessels or organs for example)
A fracture is a chip, crack or break in the bone D

100. Fractures
Pain, tenderness, bruising and swelling at the site
of the injury
In the case of an open fracture, associated
bleeding
Possible loss of mobility
Deformity
Nausea, pale, cold clammy skin (shock)
Recognition
Treatment
Monitor the
casualty for the
onset of shock.
NEXT
●Put on gloves
●Treat bleeding if required
●Immobilise in the position found (most comfortable
for the casualty)
●Contact the emergency services

101. Applying a support sling
Gently support the arm.
Ask the casualty to
assist if possible.

102. Applying a support sling
Place a triangular bandage
with its base parallel
to the casualty’s body.

103. Applying a support sling
Bring the lower end of the
bandage up to meet the
upper end at the shoulder.
Secure with a reef knot.

104. Applying a support sling
Use a safety pin to
secure at the elbow,
or twist the bandage
and tuck into the
sling at the back
of the arm.

105. Applying a support sling
With the arm safely
supported in a sling,
you can transport
the casualty
Other methods:
There are various support slings
available and it is worth researching
these alternative techniques.

106. Stroke
acial Weakness
rm weakness
peech problems
ime to call 999/112.
A stroke causes either short-term or permanent
damage to the brain and/or body. If you suspect a
stroke then you must act FAST
D

107. Stroke
Remember if you suspect a stroke, act FAST. Call 999/112.
●Facial weakness
●Can the person smile?
●Has the face dropped on one side?
Remember ‘FAST’ Recognition
●Arm weakness
●Can the person raise both arms?
●Speech problems
●Can the person speak clearly and
understand what you say?
●Time to call 999/112
●By calling 999/112 early, treatment can
be given which can prevent further
damage.

108. Stroke
Call 999/112 immediately
If responsive lay the casualty down with the head
and shoulders raised or assist into a comfortable
position
If unconscious place into the recovery position,
affected side down
Loosen restrictive clothing
If there are any secretions then wipe them away
Monitor the airway and breathing
If unresponsive place the casualty in the recovery
position (monitor airway and breathing)
Be prepared to carry out basic life support
Treatment
Contact the
emergency
services as soon
as possible. The
speed of treatment
can have a major
impact on the
casualty’s
recovery.

109. Thermal Burnsv
Most only require basic care
More serious require additional
care
Deep with blistering or broken skin
Larger with shallow depth
Burns of face, neck, hands, genitals,
and feet can result in complications
Difficulty breathing from inhaling hot
air indicates serious injury in airway
All serious burns should be
evaluated by healthcare provider
109
Causes include contact with hot liquids, flames, or hot objects as well as radiant
heat from a hot environment or extended exposure to sun

110. If clothes or other materials
are burning or on fire, act
immediately to put fire out
Direct to stop, drop, and roll
Smother burning material
with a coat, rug, or blanket, or
douse material with water
Activate EMS if necessary
110
Make sure situation is safe for you to help
Thermal Burns

111. Cool burn with water ASAP
for at least 10 minutes
Use clean, cool or cold dressing
when water not available
Never use ice or a frozen
compress
Gel-soaked burn dressings to
promote cooling of burn
Watch for signs of overcooling
especially in children
Remove jewelry near burned
area
111
Expose burned areas by removing, cutting or tearing clothing away; if stuck
to burn, cut around it
Thermal Burns

112. 112
Separate fingers or toes with sterile dressings or
pads
Leave blisters intact
Loosely cover with dry, clean pad or sheet to keep
clean and protected
Avoid natural remedies
Never apply butter, ointment, lotion, or antiseptic to
serious burns
Give person nothing to eat or drink
After cooling
Thermal Burns

113. Electrical Burns
Turn off electrical current
before touching person
If cannot stop flow of
electricity, do not enter area
or attempt to give care
Electric shock can cause an
abnormal heart rhythm
When safe, perform CPR and
use an AED if one available
113
Be safe!

114. Electrical Burns
Hands and feet are common
points of contact
If responsive and no longer in
contact with source, look for
burns at suspected points of
contact
Cool burn as with a thermal
burn
Person should seek
professional medical care,
serious internal injuries can
occur
114
When body part contacts exposed electrical source, electricity can travel
from point of contact to a second point of contact that is grounded

115. Poisoning
Dial 999/112
Ensure the scene is safe
Remove the cause or remove the
casualty from the scene
Identify the poison, if possible and
if safe to do so; provide the source
to the medical team when they
arrive
Be prepared to carry out basic life
support.
Treatment (General)

116. KEY TASK 3
Place in order of priority
when treating

117. KEY TASK 3
Place in order of priority
when treating
1 2 3 4

118. Questions?
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