BASIC GENDER SENSITIVITY TRAINING

This presentation aims to assist the participants to understand the basic concept of Gender and Development (GAD) such as difference of SEX and GENDER as well as the relevance of Gender for Development.

1. GENDER SENSITIVITY TRAINING MODULE 1: SEX AND GENDER IDENTITY MAC PAUL V. ALARIAO, RN, MSN PANTAWID REGIONAL GAD FOCAL PERSON

2. SUBJECT: WHAT IS MY UNDERSTANDING OF GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT? OR WHAT COMES IMMEDIATELY TO MY MIND IF I HEAR GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT? SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION

3. Session 1: RELEVANCE OF GENDER FOR DEVELOPMENT

4. The rationale for considering gender can be made using the following statistics : Women form 50% of the world’s population. Women perform 2/3 of the world’s work. Women make up 2/3 of the world’s illiterate population. Women earn 1/10 of the world’s income. Women earn less than 1/100 of the world’s property. Women constitute 70% of the world’s poor living on less than $1/per day . Why Gender is a Development Issue?

5. Session 2: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT

6. SUBJECT: WHAT IS THE MOST OBJECTIONABLE GENDER ISSUE THAT I HAVE EXPERIENCED AS A MAN OR A WOMAN? SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION

7. GENDER SENSITIVITY

8. GENDER SENSITIVITY SEEING – women and men, what they actually do, rather than relying on assumptions HEARING – women and men, their needs, priorities and perspectives COUNTING – the value of women’s work RESPECTING – full dignity of women and men CARING – about women and men and what happen to them

9. GENDER SENSITIVITY Not a war of the sexes Not an anti-male stance Both women and men are victims, although women are affected more than men. In practically ; all cultures, women have a lower status than men .

10. GENDER SENSITIVITY Renaming and reimaging women or men relationships to bring about mutuality and partnership .

11. WHAT IS SEX? SEX is biologically assigned to an individual. SEX refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women SEX a natural distinguishing variable based on biological attributes PHYSICAL – Genitalia, Reproductive Organs GENETIC – Chromosomes, Hormones

12. BIOLOGY OF SEX GENITALIA: PENIS, SCROTUM INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS: TESTES CHROMOSOMES: XY HORMONES: TESTOSTERONE GENITALIA: VAGINA, CLITORIS INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS: UTERUS, OVARIES CHROMOSOMES: XX HORMONES: ESTROGEN, PROGESTERONE

13. SEX refers to the: TWO CATEGORIES OF ANIMALS – MALE AND FEMALE – needed for the act of mating to result in biological reproduction.

14. Sex: in the Realm of the Biological SEX is a biological term ; it is often referred to as the act of mating between two organisms (an act which is part of the process of biological reproduction ). A more technical term for this act is COITUS.

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16. MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN (PENIS): BIRD, COCK, TALONG, HOTDOG, BURAT, TARUGO, MANOY

17. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN (VAGINA): FLOWER, MANI, TAHONG, KEPYAS, KIKI

18. WHAT IS GENDER? GENDER refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women. GENDER is what a person identifies himself or herself

19. Ano sa pangkaraniwan ang GENDER? ito ay madalas iniuugnay sa SEX kaya marami ang nalilito tungkol sa pagkakaiba ng sex at gender ????

20. Ano ang UGNAYAN ng SEX at GENDER? Sa kalaunan, tinuturing na ring natural ang mga gender characteristics … At dito nagkakaroon ng PROBLEMA…

21. Gender is not binary; it is a spectrum. “Male” and “Female” are sex categories “masculine” and “feminine” are gender categories

22. Gender Gender refers to the differentiated social roles, behavior, capacities and intellectual, emotional, and social characteristics attributed by a given culture to women and men. The term implies the cultural roles expected of a person.

23. The characteristics attributed to females are labeled as feminine and those attributed to males are labeled as masculine as defined by a given society. Hence , gender is a social construct.

24. Gender is a variable concept, as its construction varies across cultures and over time . Definition of masculine and feminine often vary from one race and culture to another. Variations in gender definitions are due to specific economic, political, and social conditions of each class, culture or era .

25. SEX GENDER What makes one male or female What is masculine or feminine Biologically- determined Socially-determined; culturally-defined Refers to physical characteristics Refers to learned behavior

26. SEX GENDER Constant across time Changes over time Constant/same across different societies and cultures May vary in different societies and cultures Gender differences are created, produced, reproduced & maintained by social institutions Gender is multi-dimensional, influencing economic, political & social interactions and needs

27. Women give birth to babies, men do not. SEX GENDER Little girls are gentle, boys are tough. In one case, when a child brought up as a girl learned that he was actually a boy, his school remarks improved dramatically. Amongst Indian Agricultural workers, women are paid 40 – 60% of the male wage Women can breast – feed babies, men can bottle – feed babies Most building-site workers in Britain are men Men have penis, while women have vagina Women have developed uterus In ancient Egypt, Men stayed at home and did weaving. Women handled family business. Women inherited property and men did not. Men’s voices break at puberty, women’s do not. In one study of 224 cultures, there were 5 in which men did all the cooking and 36 in which women did all the house building Male and Female Feminine and Masculine

28. UNDERSTANDING GENDER EQUALITY

29. The Premise for Gender Sensitivity It’s not Pitying Women. It’s not male bashing. It not Anti-male. It’s not a war of sexes. Both Men and Women are VICTIMS of Gender Inequality, although the VICTIMS are more often the women than men. Both Men and Women have a stake in the struggle for gender equality.

30. GENDER equality Equality refers to similarity of treatment as it is legally, constitutionally and divinely given. It is a fundamental right.

31. The legal concept of gender equality is enshrined in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights as well as United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), which was adopted in 1979 and is also known as the convention on women’s rights. CEDAW, which has been ratified by 100 countries, states clearly and unequivocally that discrimination against women violates the principles of equality of rights and respect for human dignity. Equality refers to similarity of treatment as it is legally, constitutionally and divinely given and is a fundamental human right. The governments of the world reaffirmed their commitment in 1995 to the equal rights and inherent human dignity of all women and men in the Beijing UNDERSTANDING GENDER EQUALITY

32. CEDAW states that discrimination against women shall mean DISTINCTION, EXCLUSION, or RESTRICTION made on the basis of sex which has the purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field.. UNDERSTANDING GENDER EQUALITY

33. Equity refers to a fair sharing of resources, opportunities and benefits according to a given framework. GENDER EQUITY Equity is often viewed as a favour, whereas equality is a fundamental right.

34. Gender equity is concerned with the promotion of personal, social, cultural, political, and economic equality for all. The term gender equity emerged out of a growing recognition in society of pervasive gender inequities. Understanding Gender Equity In the short-term: greater emphasis in the gender equity initiatives will be placed on improving conditions and attitudes as they affect girls and women. In the long-term: these initiatives will also improve the situation for boys and men.

35. STORY TELLING

36. THE STORY OF THE FOX AND THE CRANE The Fox invited the Crane to dinner. He served the food on a large flat dish. The Crane with her long, narrow beak could not eat. The Crane invited the Fox to dinner. She served the food in a deep vase, and so the Fox with his short, wide face could not eat . Both friends had an equal opportunity for nourishment , but each time one of them could not take advantage of this opportunity .

37. Is it THE SAME? Is it the FAIR? Is it EQUAL? Is it THE SAME? Is it the FAIR? Is it EQUAL?

38. Now Our Vision Is To Have A Gender Fair Society

39. THANK YOU SO MUCH… THANK YOU SO MUCH…

40. GENDER socially-determined/learned behavior CHURCH STATE FAMILY SCHOOL MEDIA MARGINALIZATION S UBORDINATION VAWC STEREOTYPING MULTIPLE BURDEN Development for ALL! GENDER ISSUES WELFARE ACCESS CONSCIENTIZATION PARTICIPATION CONTROL SOCIAL AUTHORITIES that perpetuate culture --w/c created and nurtured GENDER BIAS t hat promote INEQUALITY EXPLOITATION & counter-dev’t Tools of analysis on Gender Issues FRAMEWORK OF INTERVENTION MAINSTREAMING an INTEGRATIVE APPROACH for Gender & Development WIP a wareness- raising priorities infrastructure beneficiaries stakeholders r esources/budget programs commitment p olitical will