Basic life support

circulation, airway, breathing, defibrillation

1. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT Sharon Treesa Antony Assistant Professor Govt.College of Nursing, Kottayam

2. bLS Sequences of procedures performed to restore the circulation of oxygenated blood after a sudden pulmonary and/or cardiac arrest.

3. Objectives Supports the ventilation of a victim of respiratory arrest with rescue breathing Support the ventilation and circulation of a victim of cardiac arrest with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). 

4. indications Respiratory arrest Cardiac arrest

5. sequence C : Circulation A : Airway B : Breathing D : Defibrillation

6. steps Ensure safety Check response: tap at the shoulders and shout ‘ Are you OK?’ If responsive, leave in position and get assistance. Reassess regularly

7. If unresponsive Shout for help and activate Emergency medical service ( automated external defibrillator/ Advanced cardiac life support ambulance.) Check pulse and breathing at the same time (Carotid pulse and rise and fall of chest ) Take at least 5-10seconds and never >10 seconds

8. If pulse and breathing present but unrsponsive Turn to recovery position Check for continued breathing Get assistance

9. If pulse is present but no normal breathing Provide rescue breathing after clearing airway Head tilt -chin lift maneuver

10. Head Tilt-Chin Lift maneuver Place your palm on the patient’s forehead and apply pressure to tilt the head backward. Place the fingers of your other hand under the mental protuberance of the chin and pull the chin forward

11. Jaw thrust maneuver : in suspected spinal injury

12. Jaw thrust maneuver Place your fingers on the lower rami of the jaw. Provide anterior pressure to advance the jaw forward.

13. Mouth to mouth breathing Pinch nose Seal the victim’ s mouth with your mouth (use a barrier device)

14. Check for rise and fall of chest with each breath Can use AMBU bag ( Artificial Mandatory Breathing Unit) in hospital setting EC technique

15. Providing rescue breaths 1 breath every 5-6 seconds OR 10-12 breaths/ min Check pulse every 2 minutes   Allow time for the air to expel from the patient.

16. If No breathing and pulse Start cardio pulmonary resuscitation Chest compressions Rescue breaths

17. Chest compressions Place your palms on the midline, of chest,on the nipple line Lock your arms . Use heel of the hand

18. Using two arms press to a depth of 2 to 2.4 inches (5-6cm) or more on the patient’s chest. Provide 100 to 120 compressions per minute . Press hard and fast. Allow for full chest recoil with each compression. 1 cycle of adult CPR is 30 chest compressions to 2 rescue breaths ( 30:2)

19. If 2 rescuers Switch rolls between compressor and rescue breather every 5 cycles.

20. defibrillation

21. Arrival of the AED (Automated External Defibrillator) Power : Turn AED On Follow verbal AED prompts. Attachment: Firmly place appropriate pads (adult/ pediatric ) to patient’s skin to the indicated locations (pad image). Analyze : A short pause in CPR is required to allow the AED to analyze the rhythm.

22. If the rhythm is not shockable : Initiate 5 cycles of CPR. Recheck the rhythm at the end of the 5 cycles of CPR. If the shock is indicated: Assure no one is touching the patient by yelling “Clear, I’m Clear, you’re Clear!” prior to delivering a shock. Press the shock button when the providers are clear of the patient. Resume 5 cycles of CPR.

23. Schaffer’s method Used when casualty is lying with the face down. Place him with forehead resting on the overlapped hands Turn the face to one side Kneel at his side just below his hip joint Place your hands on his loins one on either side of the vertebrae with both wrists almost touching each other

24. Cont.. With the thumbs apart close fingers together at the side of loins with fingers pointing towards the ground. Now slowly lean forward without bending the elbow with the shoulder coming vertically above the hands Apply pressure of your body weight on his loin for 2 seconds. This leads to compression of abdominal organs against the ground and up against the diaphragm to force air out of the lungs

25. Release pressure. It causes abdominal organs and diaphragm to fall back and allow for inspiration. Complete these two phases in 5 seconds( 12/ min

26. Sylvester method Used when the casualty is trapped on his back Keep him in a tilted position by placing a folded clothing/ pad between the shoulders. Kneel at the head end of the casualty. Grasp the wrists of casualty and cross them over the lower chest Rock your body with the back straight

27. Cont.. Press down firmly with hands over the casualty’s wrists which are kept over the lower chest for 2 second and release Draw the casualty’s arms upwards and outwards as far as possible for 3 seconds and bring back to the previous position Rate:12/ minute Check for heart beat after 4 sequences and continue till natural breathing is restored

28. THANK YOU