Basic life support (BLS)

Definition
Sequence
Indications
Contraindications
Steps of CPR

1. Basic Life Support (BL S) Presented by Siraju rahman k

2. Basic Life Support (BLS) DEFINITION BLS refers to the care healthcare providers and public professionals provide to patients who are experiencing respiratory arrest , cardiac arrest or airway obstruction * BLS includes psychomotor skills for performing high quality Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) , Using an automated external defibrillator(AED ) And relieving an obstructed airway for patients for all ages.

3. Sequence of BLS

4. Chain of survival

5. C ardio P ulmonary R esuscitation Three basic vital functions: Breathing Circulation Consciousness

6. Indication of CPR to victims with unexpected cardiac arrest in otherwise healthy individuals … = to those, who can be described as having ”heart too good to die”

7. malignant arrhythmia acute myocardial infarction (AMI ) pulmonary embolism intoxication electrocution drowning acute suffocation severe trauma stroke and alike Indication of CPR

8. Signs of cardiac arrest (Guidelines 2000) 1.     Unconsciousness in several seconds 2.    Respiratory arrest ( apnea ) or the last gasps ( 1-3 minutes after cardiac arrest ) 3.    Pulse-less on large ( major) arteries (carotid or femoral artery) 4.    Changed general appearance (colour changes , face changes…) 5. Pupils dilation (mydriasis) – not reliable

9. Signs of cardiac arrest (Guidelines 2005) Unconsciousness No reactivity Absence of normal breathing victim is un responsive ,breathing and pulse absent

10. Basic conditions for CPR Rescuer’s safety = the first priority To assess the risk of trauma, intoxication, infection … a victim p osition: supine on to his/her back on the firm flat surface to make effective chest compressions victim´s position in relation to rescuer´s position CPR during transfer ???

11. T he rescuer should never place him/herself or others at more risk than the victim b efore starting resuscitation – assess the risks of ongoing traffic, falling masonry, electrocution, toxic fumes and p oisons risk of infections transmission bloodborne infections (hepatitis B and C, HIV) - can be transmitted by blood and other body solutions, excretes airborne infections (TBC and several infectious diseases - herpetic, meningococcal etc . - can be transmitted by mouth-to-mouth breathing R escuer’s safety

12. Always: protect yourself !!! personal protective equipment (gloves) barrier protective devices Moth – to - barrier protective devices breathing R escuer’s safety

13. C ardio P ulmonary R esuscitation B arrier device s S – tube Face shields (resuscitation veil ) Pocket face mask + one-way valve Handkerchief Towel

14. Stop CPR if Victim starts to breathe normally Medical assistance arrives and instructs you to stop CPR You are p hysically exhausted

15. No pulse

16. Kneel by the side of the victim BLS sequence

17. Shake shoulders Ask “Are you all right ? ” BLS sequence In childrens , Check response by grasping in the foot.

18. If he responds Leave as you find him Find out what is wrong Reassess regularly BLS sequence

19. Unresponsive Shout for help BLS sequence

20. BLS sequence OPEN AIRWAY * Head tilt and chin lift method * Jaw thrust maneuver

21. BLS sequence

22. Look, listen and feel for NORMAL breathing No breathing – apnea Gasps (agonal breathing) BLS sequence

23. BLS sequence Position your cheek close to victim’s nose&mouth,look toward victim’s chest By placing fingers on nostrils By placing fingers on chest

24. BLS sequence

25. BLS sequence CHECK PULSE * Check by using three finger method * Carotid pulse in adults * Brachial pulse in children * Check pulse about 6-10 sec

26. IF PULSE IS ABSENT , START CPR

27. BLS sequence

28. Chest compression Place the heel of dominant hand in the centre of the chest(Between two nipples) Place other hand on top Interlock fingers Compress the chest Rate 100-120 min -1 Depth 4-5 cm(2-2.4 inches) in adults 1-1.5 inches in children Equal compression : relaxation Only hip joint o f rescuer is allow to move during chest compression When possible (2 or more rescuers) change CPR operator every 5 cycle to prevent fatigue

29. Chest compression TWO RESCUERS AVIALABLE 30: 2 IN ADULT 15:2 IN CHILDREN

30. Chest compression

31. OPEN AIRWAY Head tilt and chin lift method Jaw thrust method

32. Pinch nose Place and seal your lips over the victim´s mouth Blow until the chest rises Take s about 1 second Allow chest to fall Repeat (10 – 12 times per minute) 2 rescue breaths

33. 30 : 2 Continue CPR

34. Ratio 30 : 2 One uniform ratio always in adults if two rescuer is present in children when the rescuer is alone

35. Ratio 15 : 2 A lways in childrens if two rescuer is present

36. If victim starts to breathe normally place him in recovery position LEFT LATERAL POSITION

37. Complications during CPR Gastric distension –often in children Prevention: avoid overinflating the lungs appropriate volum e making the chest rise Rib fractures Prevention: correct hand´s position do not remove hands from the chest wall prevent “dancing on the chest“) Gastric content (or other fluids) aspiratio n Prevention: prevent gastric distension recovery position in unconscious victims